Abstract: “This paper will explain the theories and techniques for shrinking the size of an antenna through the use of fractals. Fractal antennas can obtain radiation pattern and input impedance similar to a longer antenna, yet take less area due to the many contours of the shape. Fractal antennas are a fairly new research area and are probable to have a promising future in many applications.”

Keywords: Techniques, Fractal, Longer Antenna, Contours, Applications, Minkowski Loop