Abstract: “Electrochemical and other process industries frequently vent or flare hydrogen by products to the atmosphere. The cleanliness of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. Implementing hydrogen-powered fuel cells on a significant scale, however requires major advances in hydrogen production, storage, and use. Splitting water renewably offers the most plentiful and climate-friendly source of hydrogen and can be achieved through electrolytic, photochemical, or biological means Also summarized are the fundamental principles of fuel cell thermodynamics and of fuel cell power plant engineering. Throughout the paper, current and future perspectives regarding thermodynamics and sustainable development are considered.”

Keywords: Hydrogen;energy;fuel-cell;thermodynamics; sustainable development;energy conversion.