47 Articles Published

1. STRENGTHENING OF SQUARE RC COLUMNS USING EXTERNALLY BONDED FRP SHEETS

Authors: A. N. NAYAK , G. N. PRAJAPATI , R. B. SWAIN , S. SWETAPADMA

Abstract: An experimental study is presented in this paper on the behaviour of square R. C. columns of size 750 × 150 × 150 mm retrofitted with Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets along with a brief review of literature. One column without GFRP and four columns complete wrapped with one, two, three and four layers of GFRP sheets have been tested for axial loading. The failure axial loads and failure modes of the columns have also been observed. A critical discussion is made with respect to increase in the strength of retrofitted columns with respect to the column without GFRP in order to explore the optimal use of GFRP for strengthening the R. C. columns. Further, an analytical model of RC column retrofitted with externally bonded FRP has also been proposed in compatibility with IS: 456-2000 [1] as the design guidelines on strengthening/retrofitting of concrete structures using externally bonded FRP laminates/sheets are yet to be recommended in India. The experimental ultimate load carr

Keywords: RC columns, FRP, GFRP, strengthening, retrofitting, axial strength

Pages: 21 - 25 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-44

2. A NOVEL RAPID PROTOTYPING PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL PARTS

Authors: HABTOM MEBRAHTU , HASSAN SHIRVANI , JAVAID BUTT

Abstract: Rapid Prototyping (RP) has made massive strides in the technological industries and is at the fore front of innovation. However, the majority of them use different types of plastic and other materials including resins, flour etc., for the production of prototypes. They can only be used as visual prototypes in most instances and do not provide sufficient information for direct material testing which is needed to understand the mechanical properties for large scale production. The current methods employing powder metals have their limitations and are very expensive. There is an emphasis on the production of metal parts because they provide real time results rather than approximations and usually give more insight into the design parameters. This paper presents a novel rapid prototyping method for the production of cheap and high quality metal parts that are suitable for direct testing. The process is a combination of Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) and soldering technologies. The pr

Keywords: rapid prototyping, laminated object manufacturing, soldering, composite metal foil manufacturing

Pages: 26 - 29 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-45

3. IMPLEMENTATION AND VALUE CREATION OF GREEN PRODUCTIVITY BY GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Authors: DEBASHREE DE , SADHAN K.GHOSH

Abstract: Steel industry is the energy intensive sector directly affecting the growth of the nation. The effect of the restriction put by the government in terms of environmental emissions as well as the costs incurred due to change in environmental practices on the productivity is to be measured. The Green Productivity Index (GPI) is a cumulative index for measurement of the environmental effect and the economic performance. A system model is presented in this paper for analyzing strategy decision making by AHP analysis. A suggestion has been made for implementing the Green Supply chain process for deciding the priority in sequence of Green Manufacturing, Reverse Logistics, Green Marketing, Investment Recovery and Green Purchasing. An attempt has been made to analyze the amount of steel production, energy consumption and emissions in an integrated environmental sustainable framework from primary research data. To benchmark the productivity of a company considering the environmental effect, Gree

Keywords: Green Productivity Index (GPI), Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Environmental Impact (EI)

Pages: 30 - 34 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-46

4. IMPROVEMENT OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE SCC BY INTEGRATING HIGH DOSAGE OF CEMENT REPLACEMENT

Authors: ANDREW R. DAWSON , MAHMOUD K. MOHAMMED , NICHOLAS H. THOM

Abstract: Based on simple diffusion theory and a timedependent factor (α) for the chloride diffusion coefficient, chloride penetration through concrete was numerically modelled and the service life was predicted. This was done for two reference mixes (normal vibrated concrete, NVC and selfcompacting concrete, SCC) and three other types of sustainable SCC incorporating high levels of cement replacement. All the mixes have a design compressive strength of 50-60 MPa at 28 days with different types of binders. In this study, the non-steady state chloride diffusion coefficients (Dnss) and the surface chloride concentrations (CS), which are mainly used for the numerical modelling of the chloride penetration phenomena, were calculated according to the recommendations of Nordtest methods NT BUILD 443 with the aid of using a developed excel solver tool. The numerical results indicated that the NVC at the same design strength level of the reference SCC showed lower service life and higher depth of cover d

Keywords: Modelling of chloride penetration, Nordtest method NT BUILD 443, sustainable self-compacting concrete; diffusion coefficient; service life; cover design;

Pages: 41 - 48 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-48

5. POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)-TIO2 NANOCOMPOSITES FOR DIELECTRIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS

Authors: DIPAK KHASTGIR , SURYAKANTA NAYAK , TAPAN KUMAR CHAKI

Abstract: Flexible polydimethylsiloxane-titania (PDMS-TiO2) nanocomposites of different composition are prepared using two mixing methods/techniques. In the present study, PDMS elastomer is used as base matrix and titania (TiO2) as ceramic filler. The effect of titania on thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties is investigated for different composites at various concentration of titania. A variety of electrical and mechanical tests are performed on the resultant composites and found that dielectric constant of composites increased significantly with the increase in titania concentration whereas volume resistivity of composites decreased. The effect of titania concentration is also studied with respect to tensile strength, % elongation at break (% E. B.), and tensile modulus. The effect of pressure on dielectric constant and resistivity of composites has also been studied in order to determine the piezoelectric behavior of the composites. Filler dispersion/distribution in PDMS matrix is st

Keywords: poly(dimethylsiloxane), dielectric properties, mechanical properties, nanocomposites, titania

Pages: 49 - 52 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-49

6. GYROSCOPE’S TORQUES AND MOTIONS

Authors: RYSPEK USUBAMATOV

Abstract: Gyroscope devices are primary unit in navigation and control systems that have wide application in aviation, space, ships and other industries. The main property of the gyroscope device is maintaining its axis. This gyroscope peculiarity is represented in term gyroscope effects, which mathematical models formulated on the law of kinetic energy conservation and the rate change in the angular momentum of a spinning rotor. However, the nature of gyroscope effects is more complex and known mathematical models do not match the actual forces and motions in the gyroscope devices. Recent investigations in area of gyroscope theory demonstrate that in the gyroscope are acting four dynamical components simultaneously and interdependently, namely: the centrifugal, inertial and Coriolis forces and the change angular momentum in the spinning rotor. The applied torque to the spinning rotor generates the resistance torque based on centrifugal and Coriolis forces. The torque generated by the inertial f

Keywords: gyroscope theory

Pages: 53 - 57 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-50

7. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN STEEL BOX GIRDERS

Authors: AMELIE OUTTIER , HANS DE BACKER , KEN SCHOTTE , MARCO DIVERSI , PHILIPPE VAN BOGAERT , WIM NAGY

Abstract: A number of recent monitoring project of steel box girders in Belgium have indicated that daily temperature variations can be an important load condition. The resulting behavior is not always included in the design loads according to the codes. As part of a large-scale project in order to improve the accessibility of the Belgian capital by train, the existing railway line between Brussels and Ghent is expanded from 2 to 4 tracks over a length of 25 km. This line crosses the valley of the river Pede by a 523 m long historic viaduct, built in the 1930‟s. In those days the viaduct was chosen over large backfills in the valley due to poor soil conditions. With respect to the protected work of art, two additional lateral fly-overs consisting of steel box girders with variable hollow section are integrated in the existing viaduct. This paper shows the results of the detailed monitoring program verifying the design and behavior of the newly built superstructure. Extensive strain measurements

Keywords: Steel box girders, temperature load, temperature effects, monitoring.

Pages: 58 - 62 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-51

8. INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED GLASS ADDITION ON MORTAR PROPERTIES

Authors: CORINALDESI VALERIA , NARDINOCCHI ALESSANDRO

Abstract: This work was aimed at studying the possibility of reusing waste glass from crushed containers as aggregate for preparing mortars. At present, this kind of reuse is still not common due to the risk of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) between alkalis of the cement and silica of the waste glass. This expansive reaction can cause great problems of cracking and, consequently, it can be extremely deleterious for the mortar durability. The influence of both size and colour of recycled glass coming from post-consumer domestic containers on the properties of mortars was studied. The attention was focused on both mechanical behaviour, investigated by means of bending and compression tests, as well as durability, studied by means of accelerated tests for evaluating the tendency to expand under alkaline environment due to ASR. Several mortars were prepared by replacing at different rate the quartz sand with coarse glass cullet of different colours: clear (i.e. uncoloured), green and amber. Then, pulv

Keywords: Alkali–silica reaction, Durability, Glass powder, Pozzolanic effect, Recycled glass, Waste glass.

Pages: 63 - 67 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-52

9. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF BFRP REINFORCED BEAMS

Authors: OSAMA AHMED MOHAMED

Abstract: Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composite Bars (BFRP) offer a promising alternative to traditional steel bars in many special applications and aggressive environments. The inherent corrosion resistance of BFRP composites is of particular interest in predominantly hot and humid environments. In addition, basalt, as a naturally occurring volcanic rock is an environmentally friendly choice for use in FRP composites. The current design guide ACI440.1R covers the design and construction of concrete members reinforced with Aramid FRP (AFRP), Glass FRP (GFRP) and Carbon FRP (CFRP), but does not address BFRP- reinforced concrete members as more fundamentals research is still needed. This paper addresses the current state of knowledge on flexural response of BFRP reinforced beams relative to traditional reinforcing steel

Keywords: Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Sustainability, Flexure

Pages: 75 - 79 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-54

10. EFFECT OF FIBER LENGTH ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF EUPHORBIA COAGULUM BANANA FIBER COMPOSITE

Authors: BHUVNESHWAR RAI , GULSHAN KUMAR , RAJINDER K. DIWAN

Abstract: Presently composites are being made using either both the binder and the reinforcing fibers are synthetic or either one of the material is natural or synthetic. In this study we had prepared bio-degradable composite by using natural fiber i.e. banana fiber and pant based resin i.e. dried mass of euphorbia latex. Length of the fiber and its orientation play an important role in the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymer composites. For better understanding of the effect of fiber length on the physicomechanical property of the composite in this study we had prepared euphorbia latex banana fiber composite with varying fiber length and charactrised for water absorption, impact strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus. Results shows that with increasing fiber length of the composite from 1mm to 6mm, water absorption increases and impact strength of the composite increases from 20 to 30% and 37 to 43 J/m respectively whereas flexural strength and flexural modulus of th

Keywords: Euphorbia coagulum, Banana fiber, composites, renewable resource, biodegradable, fiber length

Pages: 80 - 84 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-55

11. SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF WEEE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOCUSING ON THE SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDIA, UK AND SWITZERLAND

Authors: BISWAJIT DEBNATH , RAHUL BAIDYA , SADHAN K GHOSH

Abstract: Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment(WEEE) is the fastest growing waste stream and alarming to be a possible threat. Rapid product growth with rapid product obsolescence is the main reason behind it as the short innovation cycle is the driving force. As per the prediction of a report by United Nations, by 2020, WEEE from old PCwould jump by 500 per cent on 2007 levels in India.The key elements of the developing nations are the proper implementation of the rules like EPR, ARF etc and a proper supply chain network (SCN). It has been observed that the overall management system of WEEE in the developed nations like Switzerland is organized and follows a proper framework but the developing nations like India is still struggling to establish proper management system. There exists proper WEEE management system in UK but still there are a few drawbacks.This paper presents comparative review of the WEEE management system of India, UK and Switzerland particularly focusing on the supply cha

Keywords: WEEE, Supply Chain Network, EPR, Reverse Logistics.

Pages: 85 - 89 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-56

12. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SEALING OF MECHANICAL STRUCTURE*

Authors: CHEN KE , DU PING AN , HUA XIAO FEI, , REN DAN

Abstract: Slots are inevitably presented in actual enclosure of electronic equipment due to assembly process. These slots break the integrity of the enclosure and are considered to be the main reason for electromagnetic energy leakage. Conductive gasket and metal reed are the important sealing structure to improve the shielding effectiveness (SE) of enclosure with good elasticity and conductivity. In the paper, the transmission-line matrix method is employed to investigate the electromagnetic shielding performance of enclosure which is sealed with conductive gasket and metal reeds. As shown by the numerical results, the SE of enclosure with conductive gasket and metal reeds will be greatly improved. The greater the width of conductive gasket and the smaller the finger gaps, the higher the SE of enclosure. The conclusions can be used for electromagnetic shielding design of the enclosure with slots.

Keywords: electromagnetic sealing, conductive gasket, metal reed, shielding effectiveness, Numerical Analysis

Pages: 90 - 94 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-57

13. ALKALI-SILICA REACTION MITIGATION USING HIGH VOLUME CLASS C FLY ASH

Authors: RICHARD DESCHENES JR , SYDNEY DICKSON , W. MICAH HALE , WILLIAM PHILLIPS

Abstract: Fly ash is the residue produced from coal combustion in electric generating plants. There are two types of fly ash, Class C and Class F. Approximately 40 percent of fly ash generated from coal combustion can be used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. Incorporating fly ash improves concrete properties and extends its service life. Alkalisilica reaction (ASR) is an expansive reaction between reactive silica typically found in aggregates (rock and sand) and alkalis in cement. This reaction results in the formation of a gel that absorbs water and swells, which exerts an internal pressure in concrete. This pressure leads to cracking and premature deterioration of the structure. ASR can be prevented by replacing approximately 15 to 25 percent by mass of the cement with Class F fly ash. Class F fly ash is more effective in preventing ASR than Class C fly ash due to its chemical composition. Sources of Class F fly ash are limited in the State of Arkansas, and occurrences of ASR ar

Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, Class C fly ash, concrete durability

Pages: 95 - 98 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-58

14. PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

Authors: A. ELSAWAF , H. METERED , T. VAMPOLA

Abstract: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has achieved a considerable success in solving nonlinear, nondifferentiable, multi-modal optimization problems. Currently, PSO is broadly applied in several scientific and engineering optimization applications. This paper introduces an identification of magnetorheological (MR) damper’s parameters using the PSO algorithm to introduce a more simple and accurate model. The proposed model predicts the MR damper force as a nonlinear function of the damper velocity, acceleration and command voltage to the damper coil, without using any complex differential equations, which will be very beneficial for complicated systems. PSO algorithm aims to minimize the rootmean- square-error of the damping force between the proposed model and the modified Bouc-Wen model which can estimate the dynamic behavior of the MR damper precisely. The validation of the proposed model is achieved by comparing its behavior against the behavior of the modified Bouc-Wen model.

Keywords: MR damper, modified Bouc-Wen model, PSO, parameter identification

Pages: 104 - 109 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-60

15. PBO TEXTILE EMBEDDED IN FRCM FOR CONFINEMENT OF R.C. COLUMNS

Authors: LIBORIO CAVALERI , MARINELLA FOSSETTI , MAURIZIO PAPIA , PIERO COLAJANNI

Abstract: Results of experimental tests on two reinforced concrete columns confined with PBO-FRCM jacketing subject to axial load and bending moments are presented, showing the effectiveness of the confinement system. Comparison of test results against theoretical results derived by a fiber model stress the ability of the confinement system to enhance both strength and deformation capacity of the confined concrete

Keywords: PBO textile embedded in FRCM for confinement of r.c. columns

Pages: 111 - 115 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-62

16. GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM UNDER VARIABLE LOADS - PUMP STATION AND PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Authors: MAGNUS THOR JONSSON

Abstract: This article proposes an optimal design methodology for designing a pump station and a geothermal water distribution network for a district heating system for various loads. A new approach to model based design and optimization using evolutionary algorithms, is presented. The approach makes use of functional and model based reasoning techniques, by applying elementary knowledge or information to optimize locally each element in a pump and a pipe system model. The global search methods for the pump arrangement, the topology and the pipe diameter design are adaptive genetic algorithms. The basic features of the presented approximations are illustrated by redesigning a district heating distribution system in use in Reykjavik under various loads, resulting in an improved design.

Keywords: geothermal, district heating system, pipelines, pump station, optimization

Pages: 122 - 126 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-64

17. MICRO AND MACROSCOPIC DROPLET BEHAVIOR ON LOW-SURFACE-ENERGY SOLIDS

Authors: TOMOAKI KUNUGI , YUKIHIRO YONEMOTO

Abstract: Wetting phenomena are very important in industrial and chemical fields. As the scale of the system becomes small, the surface interaction becomes dominant because of the increasing surface-to-volume ratio, which, for example, affects the morphological characteristics of the flow patterns in microchannels. This means that the control of wettability leads to efficient heat transfer and chemical reactions and so on. Especially, in space, the wetting phenomena are crucial. Therefore, development of the efficient heat exchanger is important because the major heat exchange is radiation. However, there are many unresolved problems with respect to the wetting phenomena such as contact angle hysteresis and size dependency of the contact angle, not to mention the wetting phenomena under zero-gravity condition. In the present study, the wettability of micro and millimeter seized droplets on lowsurface- energy solid is evaluated experimentally and theoretically. The fundamental behavior of the dro

Keywords: wetting phenomena, contact angle, gravity effect on wettability, droplet

Pages: 127 - 130 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-65

18. EFFECT OF SOLIDIFICATION RATE ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF HYPO-EUTECTIC AL-SI (A380) ALLOY CASTING

Authors: ALANKARAM VENKATESAN , JAYARAMAN VENKATESAN , MUTHUKRISHNAN MOHANDASS

Abstract: This research work reports the effect of solidification rate on structural morphology and wear behavior of unmodified Al-7Si-3.5Cu (A380) alloy casting. Solidification rate is an important processing parameter that affects microstructural features of cast alloy, which in turn significantly influences the mechanical properties and wear behavior. It is found that morphological features of eutectic silicon and copper aluminide (CuAl2) have the substantial effect on wear characteristics of the alloy. The presence of refined eutectic silicon and CuAl2 particles in water-cooled casting remarkably reduces the Coefficient of Friction (COF)

Keywords: Al-Si alloy casting, eutectic silicon, CuAl2 , Coefficient of Friction (COF).

Pages: 131 - 134 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-66

19. FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD RECYCLED BITUMINOUS EMULSION MIXTURES USING THE NOTTINGHAM ASPHALT TESTER IN THE ITFT MODE OF TESTING

Authors: NICHOLAS H. THOM , TONY PARRY

Abstract: Knowledge of the fatigue characteristic of asphalt mixtures is essential for the design of flexible pavements since fatigue has been identified by researchers as one of the major failure mechanisms in flexible pavements. Information obtained from the laboratory fatigue characterization of such mixtures is normally used for predicting performance in service. While the literature is replete with information about the fatigue performance of hot asphalt mixtures (HMA), not much has been done to ascertain the responses of cold recycled asphalt mixtures which of late are increasingly becoming suitable and sustainable alternatives to HMA due to the energy, cost and environmental benefits they offer. This paper presents the results of laboratory fatigue characterization of cold recycled bituminous emulsion mixtures (CRBEMs) using the indirect tensile fatigue test (ITFT). The results showed among other things that cold recycled asphalt mixtures prepared at a mixing and compaction temperature of

Keywords: Cold asphalt, fatigue, RAP, bitumen emulsion

Pages: 135 - 143 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-67

20. DETERMINING THE RATIONAL ENTRY MODE FOR INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS : CASE STUDY OF SUPER LONG-SPAN BRIDGES

Authors: GIWON YU , JUNG KI LEE , SEUNG HEON HAN , WOOSIK JANG

Abstract: The international construction market is rapidly expanding again following the financial crises in Europe and the US, providing more opportunities for international construction firms to increase revenues from overseas projects. To advantage of these circumstances, most contractors seek opportunities to enter the growing overseas markets, particularly into the sector of infrastructure projects including high-speed railway and super long-span bridge. In the pursuit of this entry, these contractors must strategically decide which entry mode to use for a targeted market or project. In the present study, the entry mode for international projects is examined based on the following two questions: "Which factors should be considered to determine the entry mode?" and "How do these factors influence the entry mode?" To address these questions that are specifically tailored for super long-span bridge projects, “The five elements of strategy” are applied to develop a framework for contractors to

Keywords: International Construction, Super long-span bridge, entry mode, framework

Pages: 144 - 148 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-68

21. STRUCTURAL CRACK DETECTION IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

Authors: AHMAD SEDAGHAT , M. EL HAJ ASSAD , MOHAMED GAITH , MOHAMMAD HIYASAT , SADDAM ALKHATIB

Abstract: Online structural health monitoring becomes as a promising tool to ensure of the safety of the structure with low cost, short time and high effectiveness. Existing of crack in the structure makes the structure weaker and unsafe and it may propagate to complete fracture and catastrophic failure. Different methods are developed to predict the location and depth of a crack. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) theory is used to predict the generated data for different crack locations and crack depth based on changes in natural frequencies and mode shapes of a healthy structure. The ANSYS software based on finite element (FE) principles is used to generate data for solid or fibre reinforced composite cantilever (and simply supported) beams. Natural frequencies for different important vibration modes are obtained based on linear vibration analysis. The effects of ply orientation, crack location, crack depth and end supports on the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes

Keywords: Structure, Health monitoring, Crack, Artificial Neural Network, Finite Element, ANSYS.

Pages: 150 - 156 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-98

22. EXTERNAL STRENGTHENING OF RC CONTINUOUS BEAMS USING FRP PLATES: FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

Authors: MOHAMMED A. SAKR , TAREK M.KHALIFA , WALID N.MANSOUR

Abstract: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) installation is a very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have become structurally weak over their life span. This paper presents a simple uniaxial nonlinear finite element model (UNFEM) able to accurately estimate the load-carrying capacity, different failure modes and the interfacial stresses of reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded FRP plates on the upper and lower fibers. Results of the proposed finite element(FE) model are verified by comparing them with experimental measurements available in the literature. The agreement between numerical and experimental results is very good.This simple UNFEM is able to help design Engineers to model their strengthened structures and solve their problems

Keywords: Continuous Beams, Debonding, Finite Element, Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Pages: 168 - 174 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-101

23. MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS CURVE (MACC) FOR CARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTION FROM BUILDINGS: AN IMPLEMENTATION FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS IN COLOMBIA

Authors: ANA OZUNA , ANDREA PRADA-HERNANDEZ , HERNANDO VARGAS , JOSE LUIS PONZ-TIENDA

Abstract: The building industry is a significant contributor to global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and is responsible for approximately 30% of global CO2 emissions. In order to evaluate energy efficient practices in the building sector, the authors propose a Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC), assessing the costs and reduction potentials of abatement measures, based on data obtained from Building Information Modelling (BIM). This integrated approach combines a building stock forecast with CO2 abatement measures modelled with BIM, providing more valuable insights to policy makers for the achievement of emission reductions in a cost-effective manner. With the financial support of the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the model is applied up to 2040, capturing the building stock of three major cities representing the diversity of the Colombian climate. Results are given as a MACC for reduction of CO2 emissions from Colombian office buildings, showing that there is a significant cost-effective

Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Greenhouse gases (GHG), Marginal Abatement Costs Curve (MACC), Cost-effectiveness

Pages: 175 - 183 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-102

24. BALLISTIC LIMIT OF NON-FILLED ALUMINIUM TANK: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY

Authors: MR AZIZ , N.V. DAVID , W. KUNTJORO

Abstract: This paper presents the ballistic limit for the non-filled aluminium tank. The main objective was to determine the ballistic limit for the front and rear wall of the tank. In the experiment study, the aluminium tank was 3 mm thick, 150 mm wide and 750 mm long. It was impacted by the fragment simulating projectile (FSP) with the velocity from 239 m/s up to 556 m/s. The numerical models were created with the commercial Altair Hyperworks 12.0. The tank was modeled into two parts, which were the walls impacted by the projectile (front and rear walls) and the lateral wall. The impacted walls had finer element compared with the lateral wall. The impacted walls and lateral wall elements were 0.5 mm2 and 10 mm2, respectively. Meanwhile, the FSP was modeled as rigid body. It was observed that the ballistic limit for the front and rear wall tank was 257.7 m/s and 481 m/s, respectively. The numerical study conducted showed the agreement with experimental results.

Keywords: ballistic limit, fragment simulating projectile (FSP), high velocity impact

Pages: 261 - 265 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-97

25. SHEAR STRENGTH DEGRADATION DUE TO FLEXURAL DUCTILITY DEMAND IN R.C. ELEMENTS

Authors: ANTONINO RECUPERO , NINO SPINELLA , PIERO COLAJANNI

Abstract: A proposal is formulated that allows to evaluate the residual shear strength of reinforced concrete columns and beams for an assigned flexural ductility demand by limiting the range of the deviation angle between the inclinations of the yield  and the crack  lines. In order to take into account the degradation due to cyclic loads, the reduction of the range of the deviation angle is related to the value of cinematic ductility

Keywords: shear strength, ductility, degradation, cyclic loads.

Pages: 256 - 260 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-61

26. INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES UNDER NEAR FAULT GROUND MOTIONS

Authors: CAGDAS OZDEMIR , DEVRIM OZHENDEKCI

Abstract: This work is conducted to investigate the effects of near fault ground motions on the peak story drift ratios and structural elements’ displacements. Two sets, each consists of seven near fault ground motion records are prepared. The records of each set are scaled in order that their average spectrum approaches to the design response spectrum by following the rules provided in ASCE/SEI 07-10. One of the sets consists of records with pulses whereas the other is established with records without pulses. A ten story steel special moment frame is designed to the Load and Resistance Factor Design of the ANSI/AISC 360-10. Applied capacity based design principles for providing global ductility are along with ANSI/AISC 341-10. The loads and load combinations are compatible with ASCE/SEI 7-10. The results indicate that although the peak values do not change much, the dispersion of the drift ratios and the element displacements are considerably higher for the set of pulse type records.

Keywords: selecting and scaling of earthquake records, steel special moment frame, near fault ground motions, pulse type records

Pages: 252 - 255 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-117

27. MODIFIED WEIBULL APPROACH TO DETERIORATION MODELLING: AN APPLICATION TO BRIDGE ELEMENTS

Authors: NIROSHAN K. WALGAMA WELLALAGE , TIELING ZHANG , RICHARD DWIGHT

Abstract: State-based Markov deterioration models (SMDM) sometimes fail to find accurate transition probability matrix (TPM) values, and hence lead to invalid future condition prediction or incorrect average deterioration rates mainly due to drawbacks of existing nonlinear optimization-based algorithms and/or subjective function types used for regression analysis. Furthermore, a set of separate functions for each condition state with age cannot be easily derived by using Markov model for a given bridge element group, which however is of interest to industrial partners. This paper presents a new approach for deterioration modelling that follows homogeneous Markov models, namely, the Modified Weibull approach, which consists of a set of appropriate functions to describe the percentage condition prediction of bridge elements in each state. These functions are combined with Bayesian approach and Metropolis Hasting Algorithm (MHA) based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique for quantif

Keywords: Deterioration modelling, Modified-Weibull approach, MCMC simulation, Markov model, MHA Algorithm.

Pages: 247 - 251 | DOI: 0.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-116

28. POLLUTION CONTROL OF WASTEWATER IN RECHARGE AQUIFER

Authors: MAHMOUD A. ELSHEIKH , WALEED K. ALHEMAIDI

Abstract: Groundwater resources of Saudi Arabia are depleting at a very fast rate due to the high water supply withdrawing. Natural renewable and recharging of groundwater are done through infiltration of rainwater which are not enough in Saudi Arabia. Partially treated wastewater is used as an artificial method for recharging the groundwater. A high degree of upgrading can be achieved in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) system by allowing partially treated sewage to infiltrate into the soil and move down to the groundwater. The paper uses the criteria of the existing wastewater treatment plant of Tabuk city for recharging the plant effluent into the groundwater. This study reviews many recent researches in the field of the SAT systems and their application. The reviewing of the previous study in the field of the SAT included the required wastewater characteristics, existing groundwater conditions, quality and usages of groundwater, and existing soil conditions and their suitability for a SAT system

Keywords: Soil Aquifer treatment; Effluent wastewater characteristics; Conditions and quality of groundwater.

Pages: 242 - 246 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-115

29. HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE USING RECYCLED AGGREGATE, MICROSILICA AND SYNTHETIC MACRO FIBRE

Authors: AJIBOLA TIJANI , JIAN YANG , SAMIR DIRAR

Abstract: The conventional ballasted rail track system incorporating steel tendon in prestressed concrete sleepers is predominantly used throughout the railway network in the UK. Despite its benefits, the associated demerits and the need to revolutionise rail transportation in the UK necessitated this investigation. The objective was to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating synthetic macro fibre and mineral admixtures to develop a low maintenance and corrosion-free prestressed concrete sleepers which is a high strength structural application. These materials were incorporated with varying percentage replacement (i.e. 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% & 100% respectively) of natural coarse aggregate by recycled aggregate, 54mm fortaferro synthetic macro fibre dosage (0.11% and 0.5%), 5% dosage of Microsilica and 0.4% High Range Superplasticiser by weight of cement. A total of 621 concrete samples (cubes, cylinders & prisms) were subjected to workability te

Keywords: Ballasted rail track system; Synthetic macro fibre; Prestressed concrete sleepers; Compressive strength.

Pages: 231 - 234 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-113

30. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH : ASSESSING THE EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA

Authors: D. M. AJITH DISSANAYAKA

Abstract: This study attempts to shed light into the empirical relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Sri Lanka (1981-2012) employing the vector error-correction model estimation (VECM). The vector specification includes energy consumption, real GDP and price developments, and the latter was taken to represent a measure of economic efficiency. The empirical evidence suggests that there is a long-run relationship among the three variables, supporting the endogeneity of energy consumption and real output. These findings suggest important policy implications, since the adoption of suitable structural policies aiming at improving economic efficiency can induce energy consumption without impeding economic growth.

Keywords: Energy consumption, Economic growth and Vector error-correction model (VECM)

Pages: 42 - 46 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-052-1-78

31. ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE: IMPLICATION ON STEEL-REBAR CORROSION RISK/PROBABILITY ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: JOSHUA OLUSEGUN OKENIYI , KOLAWOLE OLUSEYI AJANAKU , OLUGBENGA ADESHOLA OMOTOSHO

Abstract: The collapse of building structures during recent earthquakes, particularly in the countries around the Kurdistan region (KR), such as Turkey (2011 Van earthquake) and Iran (2003 Bam earthquake), has raised many questions about the safety of existing buildings in the region and those structures that are going to be constructed in the future. The KR, which is located in the north and northeastern parts of Iraq, is also considered to be the most hazardous part of Iraq. However, many buildings in the region, especially the unreinforced masonry buildings, were not engineered to withstand seismic loads. This paper investigates the seismic fragility of existing unreinforced masonry buildings in KR in terms of their fragility curve and surface using an analytical approach. This study considers many factors, including the variability of the mechanical properties of materials, ground motion intensity measures (IMs), a number of ground motion records and their effect on the selection of IMs and

Keywords: fragility curve, fragility surface, ground motion, unreinforced masonry building

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-42

32. MODELING, CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A DEVICE FOR SEISMIC EVENTS SIMULATION

Authors: ALBERTO OLDANI , PAOLO RIGHETTINI

Abstract: Single and multi-axis shaking tables are an efficient way for the testing of a large number of systems. Among the possible fields of application, the civil engineering field stands out for the testing of structures, or part of them, both on a reduced and on a full scale. This work belongs to this field and concerns the design of a small size (1200 mm x 2000 mm) hydraulicactuated single-axis shaking table, for the simulation of seismic loads on civil structural elements that weight less than 1200 kg. According to a typical mechatronic approach, the choice of the hydraulic components, the design of the mechanical system and the design of the control system were synergically carried out. Eventually, the system was built and preliminary experimental tests were performed for the evaluation of its functionality.

Keywords: shaking tables, hydraulics, seismics.

Pages: 35 - 40 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-47

33. DISCRETE PHASE APPROACH FOR NANOFLUIDS FLOW IN PIPE

Authors: GOUTAM SANYAL , MANOSH C. PAUL

Abstract: Nanofluid is known as a new generation of fluid and it has been introduced almost several decades ago. But its effectiveness in practical thermal engineering applications has started to diminish with time due to the several factors such as physical instability, complex procedure for production of nanofluids and its cost, instability of suspension of nanoparticles into a base fluid, choice of thermophysical properties and reliability of nanofluids. To overcome these problems, two different phases such as a base fluid (water) and nanoparticles can be considered instead of a typical nanofluid which actually acts like a fluid-solid mixture. However, the interaction between the fluid and particles needs to be investigated to assess its performance. In the present work, Eulerian- Lagrangian discrete phase model has been used with temperature dependent thermophysical properties of the base fluid (water) and nanoparticles to study the thermal performance behaviour of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticl

Keywords: Nanofluid, Thermophoretic force, Saffman’s Lift force, heat transfer, thermal performance factor.

Pages: 99 - 103 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-59

34. THE EFFECT OF FREEZE-THAWING ON STEEL FIBER-MATRIX BOND CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT BASED COMPOSITES

Authors: AHSANOLLAH BEGLARIGALE , MUHAMMER KESKINATES

Abstract: A frost resistance is required for the concrete and reinforced concrete elements such as girder bridges, dams, concrete paving and airport runways in cold climatic zones. The water in the capillary spaces of concrete is freezes and expands when subjected to frost effect water-saturated hardened concrete. The expansion amount at the end of re-freezing subsequent dissolving increases cumulatively. If the stress caused by expansion exceeds the tensile strength of concrete, distortion such as cracking, disintegration are occurred in concrete. In this study; the freeze-thaw effects on bond strength of reactive powder concrete (RPC), normal concrete and mortar were studied. The effect of maximum aggregate diameter, chemical additives, water/binder ratio, steel fiber and curing conditions on bond strength were determined. The fiber-matrix bond strength and mechanical properties of control samples compared with specific freeze-thaw cycle exposed samples

Keywords: reeze-Thawing, Pull-out, cement based composites, steel fiber, fiber-matrix bond characteristic

Pages: 157 - 161 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-99

35. INFLUENCES OF VARIATION IN GEOMETRY OF TAPE INSERT ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN TUBES

Authors: MANOSH C. PAUL

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the numerical investigation carried out on different tube designs to assess the impacts of variation in the geometry of the twisted tape on heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance of water inside the tubes. Alternate-axis triangular cut twisted tape was considered and its pitch and width, as well as the perimeter of the cuts on it were varied. The walls of the tubes were subjected to a uniform heat flux condition. The results of the investigation reveal that the thermal performance of the tube designs improves with an increase in the width of the tape and an increase in the size of the cuts on the tape but diminishes as the pitch of the tape increases

Keywords: Twisted tape, heat transfer, thermal performance, designs

Pages: 184 - 188 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-103

36. ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING PREFABRICATED RC RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN BULGARIA AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR REHABILITATION AND STRENGTHENING

Authors: RANGELOVA FANTINA

Abstract: In this paper the different categories of prefabricated building systems for residential buildings in Bulgaria are first discussed. The most important problems of the “large-panel system” for residential buildings are commented. Contemporary techniques for rehabilitation and strengthening are presented. Finally, a few general conclusions and recommendations are given

Keywords: ehabilitation and strengthening of existing buildings, FRP techniques

Pages: 189 - 193 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-104

37. DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE ULTRA-THIN FLAT LENSES

Authors: SUNAN DENG

Abstract: A Fresnel zone plate is a flat and compact lens. This paper reports research into Fresnel zone plate constructed using graphene rings. The tunable lensing effect of the lenses was designed and analysed using FDTD method. Then graphene Fresnel zone plate array were fabricated with CVD and photolithography processes. The effect of the lenses was characterized under optical microscope. The experimental results demonstrate that the flat lenses with graphene rings have the ability to focus light with high contrast. The research demonstrates that graphene rings can work in Fresnel zone plates. The optical property of the graphene rings can be tuned by voltage and thus the focal intensity

Keywords: Graphene, thin lenses, tunable, Fresnel zone plate

Pages: 194 - 195 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-105

38. ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF STIFFENED COMPOSITE PLATES WITH LARGE OPENING

Authors: P. ALAGUSUNDARAMOORTHY , S. ANITHA PRIYADHARSHANI

Abstract: The corrosion of steel is the main problem in stiffened steel plated structures in bridge decks, ship structures and offshore oil platforms. Fiber reinforced polymer composite stiffened plates can be used as an alternative to steel plated structures due to its corrosion resistance, fatigue strength and high strength and stiffness to weight ratio. Large openings are provided in the plated structures for access and service, and the presence of opening influences the strength and failure mode of stiffened plated structures. The main objective of this study is to find the load deflection behaviour, failure mode and strength of stiffened composite plates under inplane and out-of-plane loading. Four glass fiber reinforced stiffened composite plates with and without large opening were fabricated by hand lay-up process using a special lay-up structure to integrate the stiffeners into the flange plate. Initial geometric imperfections in the plate and stiffeners of stiffened composite plates wer

Keywords: Stiffened composite plates, inplane load, out-of- plane load, large opening, failure mode and ultimate strength.

Pages: 198 - 202 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-106

39. DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF A MECHATRONIC DEVICE FOR BOTH ACTIVE VIBRATION AND MOTION CONTROL

Authors: PAOLO RIGHETTINI , RICCARDO RIVA

Abstract: This paper deals with the mechatronic design of an active device for both the control of vibration and the trim's regulation. In particular, the design concerns a 3 dof actuated device which controls vibrations and trim of a platform. A detailed model of the system has been developed, also identifying some unknown parameters by means of specific experimental tests. The detailed model of the system allowed to set-up an effective control system able also to compensate friction. After the design phase, several experimental tests have been performed, in order to evaluate the performances of the control strategy chosen

Keywords: active vibration control, motion control, experimental tests

Pages: 235 - 241 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-114

40. POLLUTION CONTROL OF WASTEWATER IN RECHARGE AQUIFER

Authors: MAHMOUD A. ELSHEIKH , WALEED K. ALHEMAIDI

Abstract: Groundwater resources of Saudi Arabia are depleting at a very fast rate due to the high water supply withdrawing. Natural renewable and recharging of groundwater are done through infiltration of rainwater which are not enough in Saudi Arabia. Partially treated wastewater is used as an artificial method for recharging the groundwater. A high degree of upgrading can be achieved in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) system by allowing partially treated sewage to infiltrate into the soil and move down to the groundwater. The paper uses the criteria of the existing wastewater treatment plant of Tabuk city for recharging the plant effluent into the groundwater. This study reviews many recent researches in the field of the SAT systems and their application. The reviewing of the previous study in the field of the SAT included the required wastewater characteristics, existing groundwater conditions, quality and usages of groundwater, and existing soil conditions and their suitability for a SAT system

Keywords: Soil Aquifer treatment; Effluent wastewater characteristics; Conditions and quality of groundwater

Pages: 242 - 246 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-115

41. MODIFIED WEIBULL APPROACH TO DETERIORATION MODELLING: AN APPLICATION TO BRIDGE ELEMENTS

Authors: NIROSHAN K. WALGAMA WELLALAGE , RICHARD DWIGHT

Abstract: State-based Markov deterioration models (SMDM) sometimes fail to find accurate transition probability matrix (TPM) values, and hence lead to invalid future condition prediction or incorrect average deterioration rates mainly due to drawbacks of existing nonlinear optimization-based algorithms and/or subjective function types used for regression analysis. Furthermore, a set of separate functions for each condition state with age cannot be easily derived by using Markov model for a given bridge element group, which however is of interest to industrial partners. This paper presents a new approach for deterioration modelling that follows homogeneous Markov models, namely, the Modified Weibull approach, which consists of a set of appropriate functions to describe the percentage condition prediction of bridge elements in each state. These functions are combined with Bayesian approach and Metropolis Hasting Algorithm (MHA) based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique for quantif

Keywords: MCMC simulation, Markov model, MHA Algorithm.

Pages: 247 - 251 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-116

42. INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES UNDER NEAR FAULT GROUND MOTIONS

Authors: DEVRIM OZHENDEKCI

Abstract: This work is conducted to investigate the effects of near fault ground motions on the peak story drift ratios and structural elements’ displacements. Two sets, each consists of seven near fault ground motion records are prepared. The records of each set are scaled in order that their average spectrum approaches to the design response spectrum by following the rules provided in ASCE/SEI 07-10. One of the sets consists of records with pulses whereas the other is established with records without pulses. A ten story steel special moment frame is designed to the Load and Resistance Factor Design of the ANSI/AISC 360-10. Applied capacity based design principles for providing global ductility are along with ANSI/AISC 341-10. The loads and load combinations are compatible with ASCE/SEI 7-10. The results indicate that although the peak values do not change much, the dispersion of the drift ratios and the element displacements are considerably higher for the set of pulse type records.

Keywords: selecting and scaling of earthquake records, steel special moment frame, near fault ground motions, pulse type records

Pages: 252 - 255 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-117

43. VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF A CANTILEVER PLATE USING MAGNETICALLY TUNED-MASS-DAMPERS

Authors: JAE-SUNG BAE , JAEHYEONG LEE , JAE-SUNG BAE, JAI-HYUK HWANG

Abstract: For a few decades various methods to suppress the vibrations of structures have been proposed. The objective of the present study is to propose and exploit an effective method to suppress the vibration of cantilever plates like the solar panels of a satellite. Magnetically Tuned Mass Damper (mTMD) is a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) with Eddy Current Damping (ECD). The present study used magnetically tuned mass dampers to suppress the vibration of the plate. The parameters of a mTMD are designed based on the parametric study of the theoretical model. The results show that the present method is simple but effective in suppressing the vibration of the plate.

Keywords: TMD, mTMD, ECD, Vibration, Suprression, Cantilever Plate

Pages: 223 - 225 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-111

44. DETERMINING THE RATIONAL ENTRY MODE FOR INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS : CASE STUDY OF SUPER LONG-SPAN BRIDGES

Authors: GIWON YU , WOOSIK JANG

Abstract: The international construction market is rapidly expanding again following the financial crises in Europe and the US, providing more opportunities for international construction firms to increase revenues from overseas projects. To advantage of these circumstances, most contractors seek opportunities to enter the growing overseas markets, particularly into the sector of infrastructure projects including high-speed railway and super long-span bridge. In the pursuit of this entry, these contractors must strategically decide which entry mode to use for a targeted market or project. In the present study, the entry mode for international projects is examined based on the following two questions: "Which factors should be considered to determine the entry mode?" and "How do these factors influence the entry mode?" To address these questions that are specifically tailored for super long-span bridge projects, “The five elements of strategy” are applied to develop a framework for contractors to

Keywords: International Construction, Super long-span bridge, entry mode, framework

Pages: 144 - 148 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-68

45. FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD RECYCLED BITUMINOUS EMULSION MIXTURES USING THE NOTTINGHAM ASPHALT TESTER IN THE ITFT MODE OF TESTING

Authors: OLUWASEYI LANRE , TONY PARRY

Abstract: Knowledge of the fatigue characteristic of asphalt mixtures is essential for the design of flexible pavements since fatigue has been identified by researchers as one of the major failure mechanisms in flexible pavements. Information obtained from the laboratory fatigue characterization of such mixtures is normally used for predicting performance in service. While the literature is replete with information about the fatigue performance of hot asphalt mixtures (HMA), not much has been done to ascertain the responses of cold recycled asphalt mixtures which of late are increasingly becoming suitable and sustainable alternatives to HMA due to the energy, cost and environmental benefits they offer. This paper presents the results of laboratory fatigue characterization of cold recycled bituminous emulsion mixtures (CRBEMs) using the indirect tensile fatigue test (ITFT). The results showed among other things that cold recycled asphalt mixtures prepared at a mixing and compaction temperature of

Keywords: Cold asphalt, fatigue, RAP, bitumen emulsion

Pages: 135 - 143 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-67

46. ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE: IMPLICATION ON STEEL-REBAR CORROSION RISK/PROBABILITY ANALYSES OF CORROSION POTENTIAL FROM INHIBITOR-ADMIXED STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE

Authors: ABIMBOLA PATRICIA IDOWU POPOOLA , CLEOPHAS AKINTOYE LOTO , JOSHUA OLUSEGUN OKENIYI , KOLAWOLE OLUSEYI AJANAKU , OLUGBENGA ADESHOLA OMOTOSHO , OLUSEYI OLANREWAJU AJAYI

Abstract: Statistical analyses of three probability density functions, from Normal, Rayleigh and Weibull distributions, were applied for studying steel-rebar corrosion risk/probability in inhibitor admixed steel-reinforced concrete immersed in aggressive media of 3.0% NaCl and 0.5 M H2SO4. For these, different concentrations, ranging from 0 M to 0.29 M, of K2CrO4 were admixed in two-set steel-reinforced concrete with each set partially immersed in each of the aggressive test-solutions and which were monitored using open circuit potential techniques as per ASTM C876–91 R99. Analyses of the 30-days test-response from these showed that most of the corrosion test-data distributed like the Weibull and like the Normal distributions while just a few test-datasets distributed like the Rayleigh distribution, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-offit statistics. All the probability distribution fittings identified, in agreements, the 0.15 M K2CrO4 admixed steel-reinforced concrete with the least

Keywords: Corrosion potential, steel rebar, potassium chromate, probability density fitting functions, Kolmogorov– Smirnov statistics, acidic and neutral salin

Pages: 10 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-42

47. CHARACTERISATION OF A NOVEL FOAM FILLED FLUID VIBRATION ISOLATOR

Authors: HAITHEM ELDERRAT , HUW DAVIES- EMMANUEL BROUSSEAU

Abstract: Foam-filled fluid (FFFluid) is an innovative material technology that can be used to design anti-vibration devices. This material technology is able to dissipate energy via a number of mechanisms due to the combination of elastic and buckling properties of foams, viscosity properties of fluids and the method of packing the material. The relationship between the energy isolation mechanisms can be altered by modifying the properties of the constituent components which provides significant opportunity for tailoring the response of the isolator to meet the different demands placed upon it. While previous studies have characterized the FFFluid shock absorbers, this paper covers the characterization of the mechanical properties of FFFluid vibration isolators. The work presented here starts by studying the parameters that have an effect on the performance of an FFFluid isolator theoretically. Then, the influence of a selected number of factors on the transmissibility of an FFFluid isolator is

Keywords: material technology,influence, vibration sources, opportunity

Pages: 15 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-054-5-43