10 Articles Published

1. METAL POLLUTION AS A CAUSAL AGENT FOR GENETIC VARIATION BASED ON TRANSPLANTED CENTELLA ASIATICA POPULATIONS

Authors: GEETHA SUBRAMANIAM , GHIM HOCK ONG

Abstract: This study was to determine the relationships between genetic variation and metal concentrations based on polluted and clean populations of Centella asiatica from the transplantation study through the use of Random Amplified Microsatellites (RAMs). The 19 primers amplified a total of 153 reproducible bands across the 8 populations of C. asiatica used for a transplantation study at week 3 and week 6. For the transplantation study under laboratory conditions, there was a similar relationship found between the genetic variations and the metal accumulations. This indicated that the roots, leaves and stems of C. asiatica were able to reflect the metals pollution of the sampling sites.

Keywords: Metal pollution, Genetic variations, RAMs, Centella asiatica

Pages: 1 - 3 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-01

2. HEPATOPROTECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF LYOPHILIZED NEEM LEAF POWDER AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

Authors: RAVINDRANATH H. ALADAKATTI

Abstract: In view of medicinal utilities of neem plant have been described especially for in ayurvedic remedy for alleviating of liver disorders, the present study was designed to evaluate the evidence of acute toxicity of lyophilized neem leaf powder (LNLP) and its preventive effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Group allocation in hepatoprotective activity study included vehicle, CCl4 (1ml/kg), Silymarin (100µg/kg/day) + CCl4 and graded doses of LNLP (50 and 100mg/ kg, BW/ day) + CCl4. On 9th day, blood was obtained for determination of biochemical parameters and liver tissue for pathological examination. There were no toxicological effects as evidenced by indications of mortality, behavior, diet consumption and tissue weights, though, some hematological parameters showed variations in their value at higher dose level. The level of protection was deliberated by using various biochemical parameters like total protein, albumin, BUN, AST, ALT and ALP levels.

Keywords: LNLP, Acute Toxicity, CCl4 , Hepatoprotection, Silymarin

Pages: 4 - 8 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-02

3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRACE METAL POLLUTION AND GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN THE BIOMONITOR NERITA LINEATA FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Authors: WONG LING SHING , CHENG WAN HEE

Abstract: Genetic markers have long been identified as diagnostic tools to monitor marine pollution, as marine organisms exhibit genetic polymorphisms as adaptation and response towards environmental contaminants. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the heavy metal levels and the genetic polymorphisms of N. lineata, which were collected from six different mangrove areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were applied for genetic polymorphism study in the snails while heavy metal analysis was carried out by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results showed that the clustering of genetic polymorphism was based on geographical influences while clustering of heavy metal levels was based on bioaccumulation of the metals by the snails. However, there were no relationship between clustering patterns of the genetic polymorphism and heavy metal levels of the snails. This indicated that the population g

Keywords: Nerita lineata, heavy metals, ISSR

Pages: 9 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-03

4. RESPONSE OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS AS WHOLE-CELL BIOINDICATOR FOR ATRAZINE AND 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID DETECTION

Authors: YING-LING HSIEH , GHIM HOCK ONG , CHENG WAN HEE

Abstract: Microalgae are widespread organisms which can be used as bioindicator for pesticides in water. The inhibition of photosynthesis by pesticides, which leads to the change in fluorescence emission can be used as the parameter of detection. In this study, the responses of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to two pesticides- atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were reported. For the optimized responses, C. vulgaris from day-3 culture with approximate 3.5 x 106 cells was immobilized with 0.5 % of agarose, which later exposed to different concentrations of atrazine and 2,4-D for 15 minutes respectively. The results showed C. vulgaris responded to both pesticides from the range of 0.001 mg/L – 10.000 mg/L. The results confirmed the potential of C. vulgaris as bioindicator for both pesticides

Keywords: Heavy metals indicator, Anabaena cylindrica, Carotenoids

Pages: 12 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-04

5. AN ATOMIC FUEL PRODUCTION THROUGH ACCUMULATION OF SPECIFIC RADIOISOTOPES BY FISH IN OFFSHORE FUKUSHIMA, JAPAN

Authors: KATSURA HIDEMITSU

Abstract: The Tokyo Electric Power Company's, Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima-Ken (Fukushima Prefecture), Japan, was destroyed in March 2011 by a massive magnitude 9 earthquake (centred offshore to the northeast of Honshu Island) and by the subsequent historic tsunami of March 11, 2011. Because of the nuclear meltdown, hydrogen-explosion damage to the buildings that housed the reactors, and the contamination of the cooling water from the reactor cores, large quantities of radioisotopes were emitted into the atmosphere and adjacent seawater. Fishing is currently restricted off the coast of Fukushima-Ken because intermittent surveys have found part of the fishery products still contain high levels of radioisotopes. The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology has measured radioisotope levels in fishery species off Iwaki-Shi(Iwaki City), Fukushima-Ken(located south of the former nuclear power plant); these data could be used to understand the relationship between the ac

Keywords: fish, weight

Pages: 14 - 15 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-43

6. RESPONSE OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS AS WHOLE-CELL BIOINDICATOR FOR ATRAZINE AND 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID DETECTION

Authors: CHENG LING TAI , GHIM HOCK ONG , CHENG WAN HEE

Abstract: Microalgae are widespread organisms which can be used as bioindicator for pesticides in water. The inhibition of photosynthesis by pesticides, which leads to the change in fluorescence emission can be used as the parameter of detection. In this study, the responses of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to two pesticides- atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were reported. For the optimized responses, C. vulgaris from day-3 culture with approximate 3.5 x 106 cells was immobilized with 0.5 % of agarose, which later exposed to different concentrations of atrazine and 2,4-D for 15 minutes respectively. The results showed C. vulgaris responded to both pesticides from the range of 0.001 mg/L – 10.000 mg/L. The results confirmed the potential of C. vulgaris as bioindicator for both pesticides.

Keywords: Heavy metals indicator, Anabaena cylindrica, Carotenoids

Pages: 12 - 14 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-04

7. AN ATOMIC FUEL PRODUCTION THROUGH ACCUMULATION OF SPECIFIC RADIOISOTOPES BY FISH IN OFFSHORE FUKUSHIMA, JAPAN

Authors: KATSURA HIDEMITSU

Abstract: The Tokyo Electric Power Company's, Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima-Ken (Fukushima Prefecture), Japan, was destroyed in March 2011 by a massive magnitude 9 earthquake (centred offshore to the northeast of Honshu Island) and by the subsequent historic tsunami of March 11, 2011. Because of the nuclear meltdown, hydrogen-explosion damage to the buildings that housed the reactors, and the contamination of the cooling water from the reactor cores, large quantities of radioisotopes were emitted into the atmosphere and adjacent seawater. Fishing is currently restricted off the coast of Fukushima-Ken because intermittent surveys have found part of the fishery products still contain high levels of radioisotopes. The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology has measured radioisotope levels in fishery species off Iwaki-Shi(Iwaki City), Fukushima-Ken(located south of the former nuclear power plant); these data could be used to understand the relationship between the ac

Keywords: fuel, atomic, radioisotopes

Pages: 14 - 15 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-43

8. QUANTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS LEADING TO ECONOMICAL EVALUATION TECHNIQUE FOR BETTER CHOICE OF OPTIMUM TREATMENT METHOD FOR SMALL VILLAGES IN EGYPT

Authors: AHMED ABDU ALATTAB , WALID RABIE , AMRO S. KANDIL

Abstract: The sanitation situation in the remote Villages in the Delta Egypt is becoming not only huge Environmental crises but also a crucial health problem. The problem lies in the rising of G.W.T due to the old used systems of disposal (bottomless cesspool "trench"), the waste water is mixing with the G.W.T and causing its rising to the extent that it floods the streets in some cases. One of the solutions that was considered was stabilization ponds, another was Extended Aeration (activated sludge). As new concept the Japanese university introduced Down Hanging sponge as an experienced solution for the task. For many years, decision makers for sanitation in Egypt built their decision upon initial cost only, neglecting the other long term costs like running cost and operation and maintenance and other factors affecting the treatment processes. Then, when fundamentals of Value Engineering science were introduced, thinking began to change. Now after the development of Environmental Engineering sc

Keywords: Decentralization, Down Hanging Sponge (D.H.S), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Extended Aeration

Pages: 16 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-06

9. FACILE SYNTHESIS OF N-SUBSTITUTED-2-(3,5-DINITROPHENYL) BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION

Authors: OLAYINKA O. AJANI , OLUWATOSIN Y. AUDU

Abstract: Benzimidazole derivatives are crucial structural heterocyclic motifs found in diverse libraries of biologically active compounds which are therapeutically useful agents in drug discovery and medicinal research. 2-(3,5-Dinitrophenyl) benzimidazole, 1 was synthesized by [4+1]-cycloaddition of o-phenylenediamine with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in catalytic amount of NH4Cl. Compound 1 was subsequently utilized as precursor which upon reaction with some halogenated molecular entity furnished the targeted N-substituted-2-(3,5-dinitrophenyl) benzimidazole derivatives in improved yields after reaction optimization engagement. The progress of reaction was monitored with TLC and the chemical structures were confirmed by analytical data and spectroscopic means such as UV, IR, mass spectra, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT-135. The titled compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity alongside with gentamicin standard drug, using agar diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MI

Keywords: Antibacterial, catalysis, cyclo-addition, benzimidazole, spectroscopy, chromatography

Pages: 22 - 26 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-07

10. ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL CONSTRUCTS FOR ADOPTING PARTNERSHIP PROCUREMENT APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS IN NIGERIA.

Authors: ABDUL NASER OMRAN , ABDULLAHI NAFIU ZADAWA , AUWALU SANI SHEHU

Abstract: Partnership procurement approach is increasingly been adopted as an innovative approach for infrastructural procurement in developing countries. This paper assessed critical constructs for the adoption of partnership procurement approach for sustainable development of water supply projects in Nigeria. In most Nigerian urban cities majority of the citizens have no access to safe drinking water, the existing public water source manage and operated by states water boards is challenge with unsteady power supply, dilapidated treatment plants and pipes and lack of basic maintenance procedures. Quantitative research method was adopted, questionnaire was used in collecting data from randomly selected construction procurement parties. 71 retrieved usable questionnaires out of the 100 copies distributed were analyzed with descriptive statistics and relative important index (RII), items were ranked in order of importance towards adopting partnership procurement approach for water supply projects.

Keywords: Constructs, Partnership Procurement, Sustainable, Urban Water, Nigeria

Pages: 32 - 36 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-125-2-09