21 Articles Published

1. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: The field of management of energy consumption in ubicomp is a serious topic of research. MANET transmission may assist in energy containment in ubicomp [73]. Despite the development of several strategies for energy containment, including application of location-aware transmission, it still subsist that the engineering notion of modelling in ubicomp is in its preliminary phases. Energy management is important due to constrained battery power of present hardware. A preceding investigation was carried out [22] to quantify and model the Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion (ECFP) recordable for CBRs for node densities of 7 until 56. The corresponding model was observed to be a combination of exponential and linear tendencies. In this paper, the next milestone of investigation is put forward as: “What are the trends of variation observable within each parameter of the equations of curves obtained for metric ECFP [22] over varying node densities?” Studying the behaviour of components of ap

Keywords: Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, ECFP- Energy Consumption Fairness Proportion

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-11

2. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR MAXIMUM FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Research concerning control of energy consumption in ubicomp is deeply ongoing and MANET transmission is also forebode in assisting in this strategy [75]. The fact remains that this field is not yet fully established and hence notions of modelling in ubicomp are still poorly existent. Control on energy expenditure in ubicomp is essential due to present hardware level of constrained battery power. A prior study was undertaken [24] to quantify and model the Maximum Fairness Proportion (Max_FP) achievable for CBRs for node densities of 7 until 56. The corresponding model was described as combining linear and exponential trends.In this paper, the successive level of probing is laid as: “What are the trends of variation observable within each parameter of the equations of curves obtained for metric Max_FP [24] over varying node densities?” It is recommended that the behaviour of each component of suitable models for metric Max_FP be understood in form of mathematical equations before embark

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, Max_FPMaximum Fairness Proportion

Pages: 11 - 16 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-13

3. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR SENDER FAIRNESS PROPORTION ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: Research and development proper to the control of energy consumption in ubicomp is well ongoing and also concerns MANET transmission [76]. It still is undisputed that this field is underdeveloped. Ubicomp hardware and battery power also are considered constrained. A recent study was conducted [25] to quantify and model the Sender Fairness Proportion (S_FP) achievable for CBRs for node densities of 7 until 56. The corresponding model was described as a combination of linear and exponential trends. In this paper, the successive plane of investigation is stated as: “What are the trends of variation observable within each parameter of the equations of curves obtained for metric S_FP [25] over varying node densities?” It is advisable that the behaviour of each constituent of fitting models for metric S_FP be adequately learnt in form of mathematical notions. This will, in turn, assist studying in further predictability features. This exercise will be quite bulky and will necessitate lots of

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, S_FP- Sender Fairness Proportion.

Pages: 17 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-14

4. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR PACKETS PER DISTANCE ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission is one solution to provide networking amenities in ubicomp topographies. If protocols pertaining to this strategy are well designed, it can help in controlling energy issues in ubicomp [77]. The enforcement of location-aware transmission strategies is prone to enhance energy management and hence merits all attention needed from researchers. Among the enhancements awaited [1] are: the application of land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and accuracy, development of better protocols optimised for transmission according to distance criteria and refining the precision of the distance criteria to apply the protocol. The knowledge of distance coverages by transmitted packets in ubicomp and corresponding variations over different node densities, is definitely useful for refining transmission protocols in MANETs. Such an empirical study was made in a previous paper [26], whereby the metric PPD was devised and studied. In this paper, the next study required

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, PPD- Packets Per Distance.

Pages: 22 - 27 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-15

5. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR MAXIMUM CBR DISTANCE ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: MANET transmission strategies represent one key to address the problem of scarce network amenities in ubicomp topographies. It is understandable that correctly designed protocols for this work can help in controlling energy issues in ubicomp [78]. The enforcement of location-aware transmission strategies is augured to enhance energy management and hence deserves all effort put in by researchers. A few enhancements awaited are: the application of land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and accuracy, development of refined protocols optimised for transmission according to distance and direction criteria, and development of cheaper hardware to support such functionalities. The knowledge of distance coverages by transmitted packets in a ubicomp and corresponding tendencies over different node densities, is undoubtedly favourable for fine tuning transmission protocols in MANETs. Such a corresponding empirical study was conducted in a former paper [27], whereby the metric Max

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, Max_CBR_Dist – Maximum CBR Distance.

Pages: 28 - 32 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-16

6. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR MINIMUM CBR DISTANCE ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: Use of MANET transmission approaches symbolise a key towards solving the problem of sparsely available network and routing equipment in ubicomp environments, which is expected to be the case for many future environments specially outdoor ones. Good performance of MANET directly depends on correctly designed protocols and research is well on the way in this direction [79]. The adaptation of location-aware transmission strategies is prone to augment energy management standards and justifies all the effort put in by researchers. Among the technological enrichments looked forward in the future, the application of land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and accuracy, development of fine-tuned transmission protocols and cheaper sophisticated hardware, are most awaited. Available scientific knowledge of trends of distance coverages by transmitted packets in a ubicomp over varying node densities, is undeniably favourable for refining transmission protocols in MANETs. Correspond

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, Min_CBR_Dist – Minimum CBR Distance.

Pages: 33 - 37 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-17

7. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR RANGE CBR DISTANCE ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: The use of MANET transmission methods is considered as probable solution to the problem of inadequately equipped MANET environments. Such situations are very probable in the near future. Significant performance of MANET radically rely on correctly designed protocols for transmission [80]. Adjusting such strategies with location-awareness is believed to uplift the energy management standards and explains all endeavour input by many researchers. Some expected near future deliverables include land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and accuracy, development of sophisticated transmission protocols and less expensive hardware with greater performance. Readily available empirically formulated knowledge concerning trends of distance coverages by transmitted packets in a ubicomp environment over varying node densities, is irrefutably conducive towards refining transmission protocols in MANETs. Accordingly, one such relevant study was conducted in a prior paper [29], whereby met

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, R_CBR_Dist – Range CBR Distance.

Pages: 38 - 42 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-18

8. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR SENDER NODE ENERGY SAVINGS ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission strategies coupled with location-awareness is welcome in ubicomp [1-45] and hence remain good topics of research. The success of these strategies depend heavily on the correct protocol designs being adopted. Current research attempts assume present methods for protocol design as heuristic in nature [83] and hence not so suitable for “correct the first time implementations”. Optimisation methods for tuning parameters in middleware services and applications [84] is needed and suitability of traditional layered architecture in networking is also questioned [85] in terms of QoS and node densities. A further aim in this direction is to achieve realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [86]. This can be enhanced towards predictability in ubicomp. Achieving realism is a very long process since it will involve realism in each aspect concerned with ubicomp. Such an aspect was studied in a previous research [14] to assess the trend of energy savings achiev

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ES- Energy Savings, SES- Sender ES, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBRConstant Bit Rate, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 43 - 50 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-19

9. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR OVERALL NODE ENERGY SAVINGS ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Two promising avenues in the field of ubicomp are MANET transmission strategies and location-aware transmission [1-46]. The merging of these two fields is bound to lead to betterment in ubicomp and justifies the amounts of research involved. One factor, over which success of these strategies depend, is correct protocols designs. Current research attempts are claimed to be unsuitable for “correct the first time implementations” [84] because present methods for protocol design are heuristic in nature. Middleware services and applications are also subject to optimisation methods [85]. Novel network architecture for ubicomp is also felt needed to suit QoS and adaptability to node densities [86]. A longer term objective in this direction is to achieve realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [87]. Such direction of research will also entail more precise features for predictability in ubicomp. Achieving realism is a tedious process since it involves realism in every asp

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ES- Energy Savings, OES- Overall ES, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 51 - 59 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-20

10. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR SENDER NODE EXTRA ENERGY SAVINGS ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANET AGAINST DIRECT NODE-TO-NODE LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: Quite extensive research is ongoing concerning strategies of transmission and location aware transmission [1-47], though they are not fully merged. Such an eventuality is projected to bring betterment in ubicomp. The key factor over which such a merging will depend is correct protocol designs. At present stage, related research attempts are inappropriate for accurate implementations [85] due to present heuristic approaches for protocol designs. Middleware services and applications are also subject to enhancements [86]. More adapted network architecture for ubicomp is also required [87]. A distant objective in this direction is to achieve realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [88]. Such direction of research will also yield more precise components for predictability in ubicomp. Realism is quite laborious to achieve since it has to cover each aspect related to ubicomp. One such aspect was studied in a prior research [16] to assess the trend of extra sender node e

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ES- Energy Savings, SLNTNESSender Less Node-to-Node ES, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 60 - 66 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-21

11. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR OVERALL NODES EXTRA ENERGY SAVINGS ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANET AGAINST DIRECT NODE-TO-NODE LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Quite extensive research is well ongoing concerning enhancements of location-tracking, MANET transmission and location-aware transmission for ubicomp [1-48]. Presently, more significant developments must be awaited before these three undergo successful merging and bring desirable improvements in ubicomp. One essential factor for success of this merging is correct protocol designs. At present era of technology, research in protocol designs are claimed as inapt for implementations due to present heuristic approaches [86]. Enhancements are also awaited in middleware services and applications [87]. Rework in ubicomp network architecture is also demanded [88]. A distant milestone in this direction of study is to fulfil realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [89]. Such direction of research will also output more usable components for predictability in ubicomp. Realism is tiresome to fulfil since it will cover each aspect related to ubicomp. One aspect was studied in a

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ES- Energy Savings, OLNTNESOverall Less Node-to-Node ES, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 67 - 74 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-22

12. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATIO ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: A promising future lies ahead as concerns research related to location-tracking, MANET transmission and location-aware transmission for ubicomp [1-49]. It is presently accepted that more notable developments must be produced before these fields are subject to fruitful merging and bring about commendable results. One substantial factor for success of such integrated development approach is correct protocol designs. Current methodology of research in protocol designs are heuristic in nature [87] and hence are unsuitable for implementation. Enhancements are awaited in middleware services and architecture [88, 89]. A relatively further objective in this direction of study is accomplishing realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [90]. Such formats of research will also yield more usable components for predictability in ubicomp. “Realism” is a broad topic to consider since it will cover each feature related to ubicomp. Such a feature was studied in a prior paper [18] t

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ECR- Energy Consumption Ratio, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANETMobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 75 - 82 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-23

13. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATIO ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: Research concerning location-tracking, MANET transmission and location-aware transmission for ubicomp [1-50]. Nevertheless, the fruitful merging of these fields still has a long way ahead. One determinant factor over which such merging will be based is correct protocols design methodologies, which are currently claimed to be heuristic in nature [88] and hence are ill-suited for implementation. Refinements are also looked forward to, as concerns middleware services and architecture [89, 90]. A more advanced objective in this direction of developments is arriving at “realism” in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [91]. Such kinds of research will also yield more usable components for predictability in ubicomp. “Realism” is tediously wide scope since it encrusts into each feature related to ubicomp. Such a feature was investigated in a prior paper [19] to assess the trend of Minimum Energy Consumption Ratio (Min_R) recordable for a CBR under different sets of node densiti

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, Min_R- Minimum Energy Consumption Ratio, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value

Pages: 83 - 88 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-24

14. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR MAXIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION RATIO ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Location-tracking, ubicomp functionalities and MANET transmission strategies are subject to quite promising research [1-51]. It still remains that the worthwhile merging of these fields has a lot to undergo. One key factor over which success of this merging is based is correct protocol design approaches. In the current era of technology, such approaches are alleged as heuristic in nature and hence are unsuitable for implementation [89]. Fine-tunings in middleware services and network architecture reforms are also expected [90, 91]. A significantly better elaborated objective following such technological progress would be achieving realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [92]. The output of such studies will also be more suitable for studies in predictability in ubicomp. “Realism” is slow progressing since it creeps in every feature related to ubicomp. One such feature was scrutinised in a previous paper [20] to assess the trend of Maximum Energy Consumption Ratio

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, Max_R- Maximum Energy Consumption Ratio, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 89 - 94 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-25

15. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR OVERALL FAIRNESS RATIO ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES.

Authors: NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY , M. KALEEM GALAMALI

Abstract: The fields of location-tracking, ubicomp functionalities and MANET transmission strategies are prone to quite a lot of productive research [1-52]. It remains undeniable that the merging of these fields has a long way before fruitfully materialising. An essential factor determining the success of such merging is correct protocol design approaches, which is currently agreed as heuristic in nature and hence unsuitable for implementation [90]. Refinement in middleware and rework in network architecture is also needed [91, 92]. A sharpened objective in this direction of technological progress is achievement of “realism” in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [93]. Such studies may yield more suitable components for studies in predictability in ubicomp. “Realism” is a tardy process since it drags along each and every feature related to ubicomp. One such feature was explored in a prior paper [21] to assess the trend of Overall Fairness Ratio (OFR) readable for CBRs under diffe

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUCMobile and Ubiquitous Computing, Max_R- Maximum Energy Consumption Ratio, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CV- Critical Value.

Pages: 95 - 100 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-26

16. SIMULATION BASED SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SPLIT RING RESONATOR FOR DETECTING COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN MIXTURE OF POLAR LIQUI

Authors: MUHAMMAD SHOAIB , TAHIR ZAIDI , MASHHOOD AHMAD , M. HARIS AMIR , MUHAMMAD NAVEED , TAHIR EJAZ

Abstract: Split ring resonator is area of major research in recent years especially in the field of fluid sensing, because of their ease in fabrication and moderate quality factor and resonant frequencies. Split ring resonator provide shift in resonant frequency after system is perturbed by introducing a small amount of fluid into the system. In this paper a simulation based sensitivity analysis has been carried out to choose a split ring resonator which can provide maximum shift in resonant frequency when a sample mixture of polar liquids perturbs the system. Simulation results show effect of length of split ring resonator and orientation of micro-capillary tube on resonant frequency and quality factor. A comparison has been presented on obtained results.

Keywords: Split ring resonator, resonator length, micro-capillary tube, orientation, perturbation

Pages: 111 - 116 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-29

17. THE INTEGRATED ROLE OF XML AND JAVA IN HISTORICAL DATA PROCESSING

Authors: RESHMY KRISHNAN

Abstract: Basic requirements to process historic data are finding, collecting, structuring and retrieving. Key challenges facing by historians during transformation are heterogeneous data format, data exchange, cross platform, multiple languages etc. Conversion between source and recipient database is also a difficulty. During the transformation, data sharing and data security are the key concerns faced by historians. Data exchange, compatibility, extendibility and reuse of data becomes progressively important while collecting and processing data. Here combination of Java with XML is checked to resolve above concerns. How the features of Java and XML can be supportive for data sharing, data extension and cross platform issues are being discussed here. These paper insights into the historians everyday practices to manage constraints and concerns in the areas of data access, collection, sharing and security. This paper reveals how the usability of XML and Java can reduce the challenges and enhance

Keywords: data sharing; data security; XML. Java Introduction

Pages: 106 - 110 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-28

18. RLG DITHER REMOVAL USING WAVELET TRANSFORMS

Authors: BHARATH REGIMANU , CH.RAJA KUMARI , KAKARLA SUBBA RAO , KISHORE CHANDRA DAS , P.NEEHARIKA

Abstract: Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs) are widely used in many airborne and navigation systems for accurate measurement of the true rotation of the body movement. But the RLG’s suffer a serious problem at low frequencies known as Lock –in frequency. To avoid lock-in problem, the RLG is vibrated mechanically to a high frequency which is known as Dithering. In order to get the true rotation of the body the dither signal has to be removed. Single stage, multistage and multirate filters are suggested to remove the dither signal. These filters have the disadvantage that either the FIR filter length is too large or the phase characteristics are not linear. In this work multiresolution techniques using Wavelet Transforms (WTs) are used to remove the dither signal. Six level multi resolution analysis is carried out with various types of wavelets like Discrete Meyer and Daubechies 45 (db45) etc. With none of the standard wavelets, the original and reconstructed signals are matched. A new wavelet is desig

Keywords: Ring Laser Gyroscope, Multiresolution

Pages: 117 - 121 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-30

19. TREE-BASED DIAGNOSIS MECHANISMS FOR RULE ANOMALIES AMONG INTERNET FIREWALLS

Authors: CHI-SHIH CHAO

Abstract: While configuring firewalls, firewall rule ordering and distribution must be done cautiously on each of cooperative firewalls. However, network operators are prone to incorrectly configuring firewalls because there are commonly hundreds of thousands of filtering rules (i.e., rules in the Access Control List file; or ACL for short) which could be set up in a firewall, not mention these rules among firewalls could affect mutually. To speed up the crucial but laboring inspection of rule configuration on firewalls, this paper describes our developed diagnosis mechanisms which can speedily figure out rule anomalies within/among firewalls with two innovative data structure – Adaptive Rule Anomaly Relationship tree (or ARAR tree) and Fixed-Stride Trie (FST), respectively. With the aid of these data structures and associated algorithms, significant improvements in this field have been made.

Keywords: defense in depth, firewall rule anomalies, ARAR tree, FST, diagnosis result re-use.

Pages: 122 - 126 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-31

20. TREND ANALYSES OF PARAMETERS OF EQUATIONS FOR MINIMUM CBR DISTANCE ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: Use of MANET transmission approaches symbolise a key towards solving the problem of sparsely available network and routing equipment in ubicomp environments, which is expected to be the case for many future environments specially outdoor ones. Good performance of MANET directly depends on correctly designed protocols and research is well on the way in this direction [79]. The adaptation of location-aware transmission strategies is prone to augment energy management standards and justifies all the effort put in by researchers. Among the technological enrichments looked forward in the future, the application of land-based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and accuracy, development of fine-tuned transmission protocols and cheaper sophisticated hardware, are most awaited. Available scientific knowledge of trends of distance coverages by transmitted packets in a ubicomp over varying node densities, is undeniably favourable for refining transmission protocols in MANETs. Correspond

Keywords: Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, Min_CBR_Dist – Minimum CBR Distance.

Pages: 33 - 37 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-17

21. TREND ANALYSES OF CRITICAL VALUES OBTAINED FOR SENDER NODE ENERGY SAVINGS ACHIEVABLE IN UBICOMP MANETS USING LOCATION-AWARE TRANSMISSION.

Authors: M. KALEEM GALAMALI , NAWAZ MOHAMUDALLY

Abstract: MANET transmission strategies coupled with location-awareness is welcome in ubicomp [1-45] and hence remain good topics of research. The success of these strategies depend heavily on the correct protocol designs being adopted. Current research attempts assume present methods for protocol design as heuristic in nature [83] and hence not so suitable for “correct the first time implementations”. Optimisation methods for tuning parameters in middleware services and applications [84] is needed and suitability of traditional layered architecture in networking is also questioned [85] in terms of QoS and node densities. A further aim in this direction is to achieve realism in design and evaluation of wireless routing protocols [86]. This can be enhanced towards predictability in ubicomp. Achieving realism is a very long process since it will involve realism in each aspect concerned with ubicomp. Such an aspect was studied in a previous research [14] to assess the trend of energy savings achiev

Keywords: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, ES- Energy Savings, SES- Sender ES, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, CV- Critical

Pages: 43 - 50 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-126-9-19