26 Articles Published

1. DISCUSSING CONTAINMENT CHINESE PERCEPTIONS ON HOW THE UNITED STATES SEEKS TO CONTAIN AN INSECURE CHINA

Authors: STEVEN HENIN

Abstract: The US does not currently hold an official policy of containment towards China. In fact, Several US Presidents and high ranking officials have stated that the US welcomes a rising China. Yet, many scholars and analysts contend that there is a rising threat perception among China that the US is trying to contain China. This article randomly sampled and systematically analyzes the current Chinese literature from elites and scholars to determine what factors lead to this perceived strategy. Contrary to current theories, a perceived US containment policy by China is mostly defensive as it is geared towards a domestic audience and focuses on China's national core interests. In response, Chinese scholars call on China to continue its peaceful development.

Keywords: Containment, Perception, Engagement, China, United States

Pages: 1 - 5 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-52

2. INTERNAL FACTORS OF THE “CONTAINMENT POLICY OF CHINA” PERCEPTION

Authors: STEVEN HENIN

Abstract: Although the United States official foreign policy with China is engagement, several in China see the United States seeking to contain China's rise. External factors such as US policy around Asia, as well as Asian-Pacific nations foreign policy with China have not eased China's suspicions. However, while the CCP does not extend its belief in this perception, its policies have helped its flourishing within China. The factors that lead to this perception are geared towards a domestic audience, as opposed to foreign policy. With the “Chinese threat” rhetoric used in the US and an increase of nationalism after 1991, the CCP has been constrained in choosing how to maintain China's international relations while also securing its own legitimacy at home

Keywords: Chinese, threat, containment, legitimacy nationalism, perception.

Pages: 6 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-53

3. CHANGING GLOBAL AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES WITH REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS AND STRATEGIES

Authors: BOB BARRETT

Abstract: While many educational institutions have been focused on their specific curricular goals and objectives, sometimes the learners miss out on potential learning experiences. Also, educators may equally lose potential teaching opportunities or not achieve true “quality teaching moments” due to curriculum and administrative constrains. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how certain global studies can be used as a foundation to help layout groundwork for educators to not only help to change global and cultural differences, but also enable them to plan and create new “real world” applications in which to engage today’s adult learners, as well as develop better teaching strategies. Perhaps educators today need to follow the distinct direction given by Hedberg (1981) and “unlearn” certain teaching methodologies and try to “reinvent” their own teaching methodologies in created specific teaching strategies to help engage, motivate, and inspire more adult learners today than ever before. Wh

Keywords: adult, learner, value, motiviation, online, learning

Pages: 12 - 12 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-54

4. TRANSFORMATION, MOBILITY AND STATUS: ADDRESSING THE MEANING OF DEEP CHANGE.

Authors: KEITH AKIVA LEHRER

Abstract: This paper assays a preliminary investigation into the linkages between change and transformation. In doing so it straddles diverse areas of social enquiry.

Keywords: Transformation, Mobility and Status: addressing the meaning of deep change

Pages: 135 - 139 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-104

5. ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REVOLUTIONS: EXPLORING UNATTENDED ECONOMIC AND NON– ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE 2011 EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION

Authors: MOHAMED EL HACEN SIDI

Abstract: Revolution becomes inevitable when the reining system fails to achieve the minimum level of social and economic development for the population of a nation. This is what happened in the case of Egypt when masses rose up and revolted against the regime of Mubarak in 2011. This research aims at finding out the economic and non-economic causes that prompted that revolution. For this, data were obtained through scrutinizing available formal literature as well as interviews using snowballing approach. It has been observed that the main causes behind the Egyptian revolt were the absence of social and economic justice and the lack of political freedom. Poverty, unemployment, food crises, income disparity and other factors are some of the economic causes that may lead people to mutiny and revolution. Technology and lack of democratic values are among some non-economic factors that motivate the people to revolt.

Keywords: Revolution, Egypt.

Pages: 13 - 18 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-55

6. POST-CRISIS SECURITIES MARKET SUPERVISION POLICIES – STANDARD FINANCE VERSUS BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE

Authors: IAN EDDIE , JINGHUI LIU , PHUONG DUONG

Abstract: the objective of this paper is to analyze the imprints of standard finance and behavioral finance on Securities Market Supervision (SMS) policies before the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and to discuss the question why the SMS policies should adopt behavioral finance as a response to issues identified from the crisis. Standard finance has been the most influential theoretical underpinning for securities market supervision before the 2008 GFC. The philosophy of securities market supervision has for long time relied on the notions of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Relying on standard finance, securities regulators believed that market is efficient and investors are rational. Therefore securities markets were let to regulate themselves. Emerging behavioral finance provided a different insight, which argues that market is not efficient and investors are bias due to their cognitive errors. The debate between two economic theories seemed endles

Keywords: behavioural, finance, standard, finance, securities, market, securities, market, supervision, global, financial, crisis, (GFC), IOSCO, EMH

Pages: 19 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-56

7. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM): ITS APPLICATIONS FOR SERVICE INDUSTRY

Authors: MD. MAMUN HABIB

Abstract: This paper represents theory and evolution of Supply Chain Management (SCM) as well as highlights chronological prospective of SCM in terms of time frame in different areas of manufacturing and service industries. SCM has been widely researched in numerous application domains during the last decade. Despite the popularity of SCM research and applications, considerable confusion remains as to its meaning. There are several attempts made by researchers and practitioners to appropriately define SCM, particularly for the service industries. Amidst fierce competition in all industries, SCM has gradually been embraced as a proven managerial approach to achieving sustainable profits and growth. Finally, this study demonstrates Educational Supply Chain Management, as the application of SCM in the service industry, which would unlock other applications of SCM in different arenas, including service idustries. Integrated Tertiary Educational Supply Chain Management (ITESCM) model would be verifie

Keywords: Supply chain Management, ITESCM, service industry, education, evolution

Pages: 129 - 134 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-101

8. ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REVOLUTIONS: A SURVEY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ARAB SPRING: CASE OF THE TUNISIAN REVOLUTION

Authors: MOHAMED EL HACEN SIDI

Abstract: The pro democracy revolution starting from Tunisia has swept many regional regimes since 2011. Because of the uprising, the status quo of political and economic structure of these states has been broken. In this study, the variables that fostered revolt in Tunisia are under the focal lens. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis have been adopted as tools to achieve the research objectives. Through analysis, it is found that though Tunisia has enjoyed good GDP and economic return over the years, yet the wealth remained in the hands of few and most of the people are left to face abject poverty and deprivation. Unemployment, corruption, human right violations and constrains on civil liberties have forced the people to rise against regime. Moreover information technology has played the role of facilitator, which was used by protestors to organize against government.

Keywords: Civil liberties, income, disparity, abject, poverty, Revolution, Tunisia.

Pages: 22 - 28 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-57

9. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT, AND TAX AVOIDANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

Authors: HONGYAN SUN , XU ZHANG

Abstract: This paper analyzes the effect of government intervention on firms’ tax avoidance behaviors. Using Chinese data, we test this relation by measuring government intervention at three levels. First, we compare tax avoidance behavior between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non- state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and find that the sensitivity of tax avoidance is significantly stronger for SOEs. Second, we measure government intervention by two province-level National Economic Research Institute (NERI) index and discover that firms in regions with low level of marketization which means more government interventions are more likely to pursue tax avoidance. Third, we draw a sub-sample and divide all SOEs into central SOEs and local SOEs, and it seems that the former are more tax aggressive than the latter. Overall, tax avoidance patterns can probably be explained by the degree of government intervention, that is, more government intervention through no matter state ownership or institutiona

Keywords: overnment intervention, SOEs, institutioanal environment, tax avoidance

Pages: 124 - 128 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-100

10. POST-CRISIS SECURITIES MARKET SUPERVISION POLICIES – STANDARD FINANCE VERSUS BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE

Authors: IAN EDDIE , JINGHUI LIU , PHUONG DUONG

Abstract: the objective of this paper is to analyze the imprints of standard finance and behavioral finance on Securities Market Supervision (SMS) policies before the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and to discuss the question why the SMS policies should adopt behavioral finance as a response to issues identified from the crisis. Standard finance has been the most influential theoretical underpinning for securities market supervision before the 2008 GFC. The philosophy of securities market supervision has for long time relied on the notions of Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Relying on standard finance, securities regulators believed that market is efficient and investors are rational. Therefore securities markets were let to regulate themselves. Emerging behavioral finance provided a different insight, which argues that market is not efficient and investors are bias due to their cognitive errors. The debate between two economic theories seemed endles

Keywords: behavioural finance, standard finance, securities market, securities market supervision, global financial crisis (GFC), IOSCO, EMH

Pages: 19 - 21 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-56

11. ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REVOLUTIONS: A SURVEY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE ARAB SPRING: CASE OF THE TUNISIAN REVOLUTION

Authors: MOHAMED EL HACEN SIDI

Abstract: The pro democracy revolution starting from Tunisia has swept many regional regimes since 2011. Because of the uprising, the status quo of political and economic structure of these states has been broken. In this study, the variables that fostered revolt in Tunisia are under the focal lens. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis have been adopted as tools to achieve the research objectives. Through analysis, it is found that though Tunisia has enjoyed good GDP and economic return over the years, yet the wealth remained in the hands of few and most of the people are left to face abject poverty and deprivation. Unemployment, corruption, human right violations and constrains on civil liberties have forced the people to rise against regime. Moreover information technology has played the role of facilitator, which was used by protestors to organize against government.

Keywords: Civil, liberties, income disparity, abject poverty, Revolution, Tunisia.

Pages: 22 - 28 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-57

12. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION FUND MANAGEMENT IN A JUMP DIFFUSION MARKET

Authors: YAN ZHANG , YONGHONG WU

Abstract: This paper investigates muti-period defined contribution fund management under meanvariance criteria in a jump diffusion market. Besides, we consider both stochastic income and mortality risk in a more general market with multiple assets that can all be risky. Currently, there are two main types of pension funds: defined benefit (DB) pension fund and defined contribution (DC) pension fund. DB fund is a pension fund where the retirement benefits are calculated by a predetermined formula. Retirement benefits are usually calculated using average salary over the last few years before retire and the number of years one has worked in the company or public service. In a DC plan, both employee and employer do contribution to the pension account, and upon retirement, the member can receive regular income from the pension account or the member can withdraw the lump sum from the pension account. Compared with Defined Benefit plan, Defined Contribution plan is fairer because the more contribution

Keywords: Defined, Contribution, Pension, Stochastic, Income; Mortality, Risk; Jump, diffusion

Pages: 29 - 29 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-58

13. JOURNEY OF A HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIM

Authors: AZLINDAAZMAN , SYAMSUDDIN

Abstract: Human trafficking is one of the concerned issues in today’s world. More than 2 million victims were trapped in this criminal activity around the world. Victims were abused and exploited from the beginning of the intake process until they escaped from the trafficking situation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the journey, which include the detail processes experienced by the victims of human trafficking. This qualitative research involved nine (9) victims, which were currently being detained at the Consulate General Office of Republic Indonesia, Penang, Malaysia. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, observation and other relevant documentations. Study findings have identified the various processes or the “journey” for which the victims were initially being trafficked, the mode of exploitation activities and the phases of psychosocial challenges experienced by the victims. Victims were trafficked through various ways including voluntarily, through persuasion, debt b

Keywords: Human, trafficking, exploitation, psychosocial, challenges

Pages: 30 - 33 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-59

14. BUILDING INSTRUMENTS TO UNDERSTAND MINDS AND COGNITION IN EUROPEAN SCHOOLS HELPING PORTUGUESE IMMIGRANT STUDENTS SUCCEED

Authors: ALVES-MARTINS , FIGUEIREDO , S , M. , SILVA , C.

Abstract: This study will examine the validity and prevalence of specific language tasks to differentiate 108 second language (L2) learners, considering two main factors: the socioeconomic background and the instruction in first language (L1). All the tasks were developed for the first levels of proficiency (A2-B1, according to European benchmarks), and applied to a large sample of diverse Portuguese students (immigrants with origin in several continents). Four tasks administered are incorporated in a 15-test diagnostic. The tasks were administered between 2013 and 2014, in Lisbon schools, and were disposed on paper and on a computer screen one at a time. Data will be presented regarding the following items: verbal analogies, recall task, and cognates. Hypothesis 1: home environment has impact for tasks performance in L2, attending to employment situation and families’ economic stability identified through the professional situation of two-parent families and attending to their job skills (gradu

Keywords: socioeconomic, factors, instruction, second, language, european,schools, evaluation

Pages: 34 - 38 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-60

15. BARRIERS TO ORGAN DONATION: A STUDY IN ALOR SETAR, MALAYSIA

Authors: MOHD RIZWAN HUZAIMI SAIDIN , NAREHAN HASSAN , NUR ZAINIE ABD HAMID

Abstract: This study was to examine the influence of factors influencing organ donation decision with the willingness to donate organ. This study was conducted by taking into consideration three factors; awareness, recipient’ characteristics and public perception toward organ donation. The type of research employed was cross-sectional study where 116 respondents were approached conveniently in selected accessible shopping malls at Alor Setar, Malaysia. The finding indicated that, all (100%) respondents were aware and having an idea about organ donation. Unfortunately, 78.44% believed that organ donation may bring risk to health status and 87.93% hold a negative perception that there will be a great possibility of the donated organ to be misused by irresponsible individuals, especially in the case of ‘black market selling’. Besides, it is also proved that, the decision to involve in organ donation was influence by family members and the relationship ties between the donor and the recipient (89.66

Keywords: Attitudes, Barriers, Organ, Donation, Donor, Recipients, Social, Influences.

Pages: 39 - 43 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-61

16. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE, CORPORATE STRATEGY, JOB SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEE’S (CASE STUDY ANGKASA AVIA INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA)

Authors: RR DYAH EKO SETYOWATI , A. YANI ANTARIKSA

Abstract: In the era of global competition is increasingly competitive , to welcome the APEC 2020 , smart companies are required to manage the company's management . There are several aspects of business management that need attention in facing APEC 2020 and the ASEAN Economic Community One is the need to increase employee performance and can compete expected in labor from abroad . Aspects that will be studied is the organizational culture, Corporate Strategy , and job satisfaction. Organizational culture is a system of norms, views , beliefs , values and customs controls or directs human behavior in organizations. The survey was distributed in July 2014 with 219 respondents . And the population in this study were treated as a sample , employees Angkasa Avia Institutions in Indonesia. The study used three independent variables and one dependent variable The results of data processing research, showed that hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 received significantly Therefore , it is suggested that the c

Keywords: Organizational, Culture, Corporate, Strategy, Employee, Satisfaction, Employee, Performance.

Pages: 44 - 48 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-62

17. WAYS TO STRENGTHEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: APPLICATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE THEORY (IN CASE OF MONGOLIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES)

Authors: ENKHBOLD CHULUUNBAATAR , UYANGA GANBAATAR

Abstract: This study examines the impact of organizational justice perception in the employees’ job satisfaction and commitment in the Mongolian higher education institutes. The impact of organizational justice on three dimensions of commitment and overall work-based satisfaction was assessed. Sample for the present study consisted of 360 faculty members working in public universities of Mongolia. Questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze data. Overall organizational justice had weak relation to affective commitment whereas distributive, procedural justice was significantly related to normative commitment. Also both distributive and procedural justice were found to be significantly related to job satisfaction. Follow-up in-depth interviews with university lecturers and employees revealed that there is no strong affective commitment exists among them, due to excessive negative organizational politics, lack of integration in meritbased rewarding s

Keywords: distributional justice, procedural justice, organizational commitment, job

Pages: 119 - 123 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-99

18. INFLUENCES ANALYSIS INTERNAL, MARKETING,INTERACTIVE MARKETING AND EXTERNAL MARKETING TOWARD SERVICE-PROFIT-CHAIN. (CASE STUDY ON BEAUTY CLINIC IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA)

Authors: RR DYAH EKO SETYOWATI , A. YANI ANTARIKSA

Abstract: This study examines three aspects, namely the Internal Marketing, Interactive Marketing and External Marketing Toward Service-Profit-Chain. The population of this study is customer aesthetic beauty clinic, with a sample of 75 respondents. The data used is primary data, processing with program SPSS 20.0, as well as testing the questionnaire through the stages of test reliability and validity. Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression with the classical assumption; normality test, Heteroskedasitas, Multicolinearity, and autocorrelation test. Of the t test (partially) and F test (simultaneously) received the results of both hypotheses. Therefore, it is suggested that companies in the service implements three types of marketing services, including interactive marketing, internal marketing and external marketing, in order to be successful marketing strategy, and has a loyal customer who is willing to promote their products through word of mouth, generating huge profits, and sustai

Keywords: Internal, Marketing, Interactive,Marketing, External, Marketing, Service,Profit, Chain.

Pages: 49 - 53 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-63

19. THE CONTRIBUTION OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN AGRICULTURE TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Authors: DANIEL UGIH ECHOH , SALFARINA ABDUL GAPOR , TARMIJI MASRON

Abstract: Local knowledge (LK) has played an active role in the lives of rural communities in virtually every part of the world such as in agriculture. At the same time, the contribution of LK towards sustainable development is getting wider acceptance especially in today’s agricultural practice. Therefore, continuous study to define the sustainability element is needed especially within community who still utilise LK. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contribution of local knowledge practiced by the Iban farmers in lowland paddy cultivation located in the coastal areas of Sarawak in relation to the sustainable development context. The study was conducted in two Iban villages in Kuala Tatau namely Kuala Serupai and Sungai Semanok. There are 22 farmers of different age and gender involved in this research through in-depth interview, focus group discussion and participant observation that were carried out for a year. The findings show that this knowledge contribute to the three pillars o

Keywords: local knowledge, sustainability, agriculture, rural development, Iban

Pages: 114 - 118 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-95

20. EXPLORING NONPARAMETRIC STRATEGIES FOR PRICING AMERICAN INDEX OPTIONS

Authors: HYEONGMIN BYUN , HYUNWOONG JI , JAEWOOK LEE

Abstract: Nonparametric models such as machine learning methods that are counterparts of parametric financial models were applied to pricing American index options. 10 year S&P 100 Index American options were adopted as experimental dataset and the both training (in-sample) and test (out-of-sample) errors of machine learning and ad-hoc pricing which is a conventional financial pricing model were calculated and compared to each other. We found out that Bayesian neural network outperforms the other pricing methods. Furthermore, we suggested an ensemble method which takes advantage of both machine learning method and ad-hoc pricing method and as a consequence, it shows the best performance.

Keywords: American Option, Option Pricing, Machine Learning, Ad-hoc Pricing.

Pages: 110 - 113 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-85

21. (APPLYING MEDICAL SAVING ACCOUNT (MSA) AS A FINANCING MECHANISM MODEL IN ALLEVIATING HEALTHCARE COST: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

Authors: MOHAMAD SHAHRIL BIN , NOR AZMANIZA BINTI AZIZAM , SHARIFA EZAT WAN PUTEH , SITI NURUL AKMA BINTI AHMAD

Abstract: Healthcare reforms in sustaining the best healthcare financing are the most common debating issues in both developed and developing countries. Policy maker and researchers keep analyzing and experimenting an innovative financing mechanism in order to mobilize resources for sustainable long term healthcare spending. Among other financing mechanism, Medical Saving Account (MSA) is one of the strategies being assessed in ensuring the efficiency issues especially in cost containment as well as in reducing healthcare cost. Due to failure of realizing the large-scale healthcare reform, MSA are proposed in conjunction with high-deductibles health insurance which it could be as a substitute of healthcare reforms. Due to highly subsidized health care expenditures especially in public health care facilities, some developing countries will be overwhelmed with extremely increased health care cost in the future. In other words, if this practice is not improved and monitored, the subsidy fund would

Keywords: Medical Saving Account and Financing Mechanism

Pages: 106 - 109 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-83

22. (BUILDING HEALTH ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH EXTRA CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES: A REVIEW)

Authors: ABDUL K. O , SAADIAH J. S , SHAHRIL M.B

Abstract: this article draws together the evidence through a review of the literature regarding the effectiveness of extracurriculum activities (ECA) in building graduate‘s employability attributes. The electronic databases searched including the following: Web of Science, Proquest, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Wiley. The study finds that the development of ECA in higher education in order to build graduate‘s employability attributes needs more considerations. This study indicates that continued investment in research in this area is needed. Also ongoing long-term evaluation is necessary to provide evidence about the effectiveness of ECA to build graduates employability.

Keywords: systematic review; employability attributes; extracurricular activities; higher education, career

Pages: 102 - 105 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-75

23. THE PROBLEMS FACED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Authors: EYUP BOZKURT , MEHMET TURAN

Abstract: Education is a phenomena bringing many elements such as school, administrator, teacher, student and tutor together. School is the environment in which training mostly occurs. Educational environments’ being clean, organized and suitable to the students’ psychology and physiology is important in terms of teaching process. It is stated that both teachers and students meet many problems in training-education environment. Knowing the reasons of problems is important in terms of increasing the quality of education. In this research, it has been tried to identify the problems which class teachers live in training-education environment. The aim of the research is to identify the problems which class teachers live, to decrease them, and to find solutions for them. It is essential to determine the problems lived in the academic environments and provide solutions for the execution of more effective and efficient training-educational process.

Keywords: Training-education environment, problems lived in the training-education environment, calss teacher

Pages: 97 - 101 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-74

24. THE IMPACTS OF CHANGING IN MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON FOREIGN TOURISM REVENUE AND SECTORAL OUTPUT IN THAILAND

Authors: BUNDIT CHAIVICHAYACHAT

Abstract: For the long journey of Thai’s economy, tourism sector is one of the major source of revenue even in the period of crisis or in the midst of the turbulence time. Especially, in the past two decades, the major economic factors including exchange rate, economic growth and political condition become more volatile but the foreign tourism revenue still growing with positive trend. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to explore the impacts of the changing in macroeconomic factors on foreign tourism revenue and sector output in Thailand after the financial crisis in 1997. In order to achieve the objective, the analytic framework was set up based on the estimation of behavioral equation and the calculation of input-output table. For the first step, the behavioral equation of foreign tourism revenue was specified and estimated by OLS together with the Engle and Granger cointegration test. Based on the annual data during 1998-2013, foreign tourists income, Thai’s economic growth, exchange

Keywords: tourism revenue, bridge matrix, sectoral output

Pages: 95 - 96 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-73

25. ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REVOLUTIONS: EXPLORING UNATTENDED ECONOMIC AND NON– ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE 2011 EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION

Authors: MOHAMED EL HACEN SIDI

Abstract: Revolution becomes inevitable when the reining system fails to achieve the minimum level of social and economic development for the population of a nation. This is what happened in the case of Egypt when masses rose up and revolted against the regime of Mubarak in 2011. This research aims at finding out the economic and non-economic causes that prompted that revolution. For this, data were obtained through scrutinizing available formal literature as well as interviews using snowballing approach. It has been observed that the main causes behind the Egyptian revolt were the absence of social and economic justice and the lack of political freedom. Poverty, unemployment, food crises, income disparity and other factors are some of the economic causes that may lead people to mutiny and revolution. Technology and lack of democratic values are among some non-economic factors that motivate the people to revolt.

Keywords: Economic, income disparity, Revolution, Egypt

Pages: 13 - 18 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-55

26. TRANSFORMATION, MOBILITY AND STATUS: ADDRESSING THE MEANING OF DEEP CHANGE.

Authors: KEITH AKIVA LEHRER

Abstract: This paper assays a preliminary investigation into the linkages between change and transformation. In doing so it straddles diverse areas of social enquiry.

Keywords: Transformation, Mobility and Status: addressing, deep change

Pages: 135 - 139 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-104