32 Articles Published

1. ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLD AS AN APPROACH FOR BALANCING CARBON METABOLISM IN CITIES

Authors: MARWA ADEL EL SAYED , NOURHAN MAGDY MOHAMED

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and population growth since 1980 have become central issues in big cities of developing countries like Egypt. As Egypt was experiencing active modernization processes in the twentieth century, its urban population has increased very significantly both in its numbers and proportions. With the rapid economic growth and urban expansion, the demand for building and infrastructure construction has also increased rapidly, particularly in the residential sector. Undoubtedly, the urban system plays a dominant role in establishing Egypt's energy consumption profile, where the CO2 emissions from Egyptian cities and their share in country emissions have a powerful influence on achieving the country's national carbon emission reduction target. While many countries have recognized the significant role of urban planning in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the spatial planning framework in Egypt is still lacking applications in this aspect. The scope of this paper is to d

Keywords: Urban Metabolism, Carbon Emissions, GIS, Ecological Threshold Method

Pages: 1 - 10 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-31

2. GIS APPLICATION TO ZONE SURFACE WATER QUALITY ACCORDING TO WQI – THE CASE OF TRI AN RESERVOICE, VIETNAM

Authors: HUYNH ANH TUAN , LE TRONG DIEU HIEN , PHAM VAN TAT

Abstract: GIS is a powerful tool for researches relating to many environmental problems and especially in water quality management such as sustainable water- use plan, assessing water quality and managing water resources on a local or regional scale. The models are linked with GIS for output data and results presentation. In this paper the interpolation function in GIS technology and Surfer software were applied to zone the surface water quality in Tri An Reservoir according to parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, NH4 +, P-PO4, turbidity and coli form. A series of data related to these parameters in three years 2010, 2013 and 2014 was collected to be input data for the interpolation. Then, the interpolation maps of parameters through years were built to compare and assess surface water quality in Tri An Reservoir.

Keywords: GIS, interpolation, water quality

Pages: 11 - 17 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-32

3. GIS, INTERPOLATION, WATER QUALITY

Authors: CHE-NAN KUO , CHING-MING LAI , YU-HUEI CHENG

Abstract: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a well-known and popular swarm intelligence algorithm. The inertia weight of a PSO plays the crucial role in the ability of exploration and exploitation. Many strategies for adapting the inertia weight of PSO have been proposed. In this study, we use two inertia weights to improve the global and local search of PSO. Nine benchmark functions with 10 dimensions for unimodal functions, multimodal functions with many local optima, and multimodal functions with a few local optima is used as the test functions. We compare two inertia weight PSOs with the proposed method. The results show the proposed method is useful for improve the search ability of PSO.

Keywords: benchmark functions, double inertia weight, particle swarm optimization (PSO)

Pages: 18 - 24 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-33

4. DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIAL SENSITIVITY TEST BASED ON QUANTITATIVE DNA ASSESSMENT USING UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY

Authors: AJENG PRAMASTUTY , ANWAR IBRAHIM , BUDIMAN BELA , CHOLID BADRI , SUTARMO SETIADJI

Abstract: This research’s objective is to develop methods of testing the sensitivity of bacteria to various antibiotics using quantitative assessment of DNA during log phase with UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Methods used, samples of pathogenic E. coli bacteria after cultured in broth solution containing Ciprofloxacin for 7 hours were taken for DNA extraction technique. The isolated DNA was then quantitatively calculated based on light absorbance on UV-Vis spectrophotometer, where the values of absorbance density was converted into the concentration of DNA/ml. As a control arm of this study, the equal sample of pathogenic E. coli bacteria were cultured in broth solution without antibiotic. Results: The DNA concentration from 15 samples of E. coli in broth culture solution containing antibiotic solution was 7.3 ± SD 2.28 ; whereas the DNA concentration in the control group was 10.3 ± SD 2.51 which was significant different (p. = 0. 000). This test was compared with conventional sensitivity test using disc

Keywords: UV-Vis spectroscopy, optical density, DNA extraction, sensitivity test, pathogenic E. coli

Pages: 25 - 28 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-34

5. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH OF INTEGRATING VORONOI DIAGRAM INTO SPACE SYNTAX

Authors: ALI ESSAM EL SHAZLY

Abstract: Common property of convex space in Voronoi Diagram and Space Syntax prospects their hybrid merge into one interdisciplinary method of cognitive structure. The theoretical review observes both methods under the same condition of spatial convexity with different spatial structure. The essence of space syntax develops its origin of invisible spatial logic into visibility and architectonic conceptions of virtual reality. On the other, the voronoi diagram determines the spatiotemporal automation of all generative space. Supposing the swap of either 'convex hull' shifts the cognitive structure of space into a new empirical realm of 'voronoi-syntax' through their merged tool-box of spatial analyses. Thus, apply universally on multidimensional digits of future space

Keywords: voronoi diagram, space syntax, convex hul

Pages: 29 - 33 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-35

6. SPATIAL DIGRAPH AT THE ROOM-LEVEL OF 'SEQUINA' SLUM AREA IN ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

Authors: ALI ESSAM EL SHAZLY

Abstract: Geometrical digraph with cross-tabulation extends the social logic of space syntax in the pilot ‘Sequina’ slum area of Alexandria. The measure of universal distance at the micro level of room survey clarifies the social interface of the discrete spatial system. The essence of irreflexive network facilitates the ‘visitor’ penetration into the ‘inhabitant’ rooms. However, the backward direction inverts the relationship with the ‘inhabitant’ having more choice of interface in shortcuts than the traversable ‘visitor’ of then a deeper structure. The correlative networks condense at the second-rank to form concentric waves of social domains from the inmost ‘visitor’ exposure to the outmost ‘inhabitant’ privacy, with the double-face ring of in-between ‘living & kitchen’ of semi -domain. Further covariance of cross-tabulation defines negative relationship of ‘inhabitant’ zones, but changes to positive towards the central ‘visitor’. In this regard, the ‘bedrooms’ are set apart with alternative

Keywords: Alexandria, Sequina slum, digraph

Pages: 34 - 38 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-36

7. INTEGRATED, SUSTAINABLE AND ECO-FRIENDLY SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN AN ARSENIC AFFECTED RURAL AREA OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Authors: S. PAL , A. MAZUMDER , G. BANERJEE , M. BANIK , P.K.ROY

Abstract: The aim of the paper is to present cost-effective solutions, arsenic removal treatment system from arsenic prone groundwater source and ecological surface water treatment system as an alternative source of arsenic free water were developed for rural areas at Jyot Sujan village, Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India. 92-94% turbidity removal is possible from HRF 1 and 2, 99.22% turbidity removal is also possible from SSF1 and 2. And pH and bacteria are reducing from the combined surface water treatment system. A dual treatment method for groundwater comprising of oxidationcoagulation- filtration and adsorption by activated alumina is proven to be more economic having more capacity and superior reliability in terms of water quality prescribed by IS 10500, 2012 as compared to other arsenic removal processes using various other media.

Keywords: ARU, cost-effective, HRF, integrated, SSF, sustainable

Pages: 39 - 42 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-37

8. IMPACT OF FOREST INTERVENTION ON WATER AND SOIL QUALITY- CASE STUDIES

Authors: ASIS MAZUMDER , DEBANJANA CHATTERJE , MALABIKA BISWAS R , MALABIKA BISWAS ROY , PANKAJ KUMAR ROY

Abstract: Forest affect the hydrology of watersheds in various and complex ways, by increasing evapo-transpiration, increasing infiltration, intercepting cloud moisture, reducing the nutrient load of runoff, and more. Even dry deciduous forests, which receive less rainfall, serve as natural filter and maintain the water budget throughout the year. This study highlights the brief remarks on dry deciduous forest through intervention on water and soil. In this field research study, an attempt is made to assess the quantum of the stream flow and to check the water quality and soil texture with reference to study area related to maintenance of forest hydrology. Results showed that the deciduous forest reduced the magnitude of peak discharge during rainy months and ultimately forest controls excess runoff in the downstream. Thus forests induce infiltration which leads to more uniform flow round the year. The water quality results indicated that the suspended solids as well as coliform and fecal colifo

Keywords: carbon content, deciduous, forest, water, soil

Pages: 43 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-38

9. SOLVING LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR STIFF SYSTEM OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY MULTISTAGE ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD

Authors: I. HASHIM , M. S. H. CHOWDHURY , MD. ALAL HOSEN

Abstract: In this paper, linear and non-linear stiff systems of ordinary differential equations are solved by the classical Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the multistage Adomian decomposition method (MADM). The MADM is a technique adapted from the standard Adomian decomposition method (ADM) where standard ADM is converted into a hybrid numeric-analytic method called the multistage ADM (MADM). The MADM is tested for several examples. Comparisons with an explicit Runge-Kutta-type method (RK) and the classical ADM demonstrate the limitations of ADM and promising capability of the MADM for solving stiff initial value problems (IVPs).

Keywords: Stiff system of ODEs, Runge-Kutta-type method, Adomian decomposition method, Multistage ADM

Pages: 79 - 82 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-46

10. COUPLED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER MODEL TO SIMULATE HYGROTHERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF BIO-BASED MATERIALS

Authors: A.CHAUCHOIS , D.DEFER, E.ANTCZAK , F.BRACHELET , M.ASLI

Abstract: Natural fibre materials, with bio-sourced characteristics, are advanced materials used in building construction and renovation. They have various advantages, such as good thermal insulation, high moisture buffering, and low impact environmental. Our research focuses on three different natural fibre materials: hemp concrete, wood wool, and sheep wool. Thus, to analyse their hygrothermal behaviour, we provide a numerical simulation and a comparative study.

Keywords: : hemp concrete, wood wool, sheep wool, bio-based materials, modelling, heat and mass transfer, numerical simulation

Pages: 74 - 78 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-45

11. GROWTH OF ZNO NANONEEDLES BY THERMAL OXIDATION OF METALLIC ZINC MICROPARTICLES IN AIR

Authors: AJAB KHAN KASI , JAFAR KHAN KASI , SAMIULLAH

Abstract: ZnO is multifunctional semiconductor material having useful practical applications. Zno is promising in various scientific fields like energy harvesting, sensors, nanogenerators, optoelectronics, transducers and biomedical devices due to fascinating and remarkable properties. We report growth of ZnO nanoneedles by thermal oxidation of micro particles of metallic zinc in air at 480 ºC and 500 ºC. The zinc particles are deposited on the Si substrate by dip coating method. Zinc deposited substrates are oxidized by thermal radiation method in halogen tube furnace. The whole needles are wurtzite single crystal. The growth concentration and density of nanoneedles depends on the size of metallic zinc particles, oxidation time and oxidation temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Keywords: ZnO nanondeels, Oxidation, Halogen tube furnace.

Pages: 70 - 73 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-44

12. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF STRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CERAMIC SYSTEM OF PZT 82.5/17.5 DOPED WITH TA5+

Authors: TUAN NGUYEN DUY ANH

Abstract: In this paper, synthesis and study of structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric properties of the (1-x) PZT 82.5/17.5 – xTa2O5, where x = 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2% mol is presented. From experimental results, it was showed that the fabricated ferroelectric systems are of pure perovskite phase, rhombohedral structure, good microstructure, good dielectric, ferroelectric properties and strong pyroelectric effect. All samples are good ferroelectric ceramics such as the ceramic density ρ = 7.30 - 7.51(g/cm3), the dielectric constant ε = 226 - 314, the dielectric dissipation factor tgδ = 0.008 - 0.023, hysteresis loops of rectangular forms with the permanent polarizations Pr = 23.2 - 32.4 (C/cm2), electric coercive fields Ec = 6.8-8.9 (kV/cm), strong pyroelectric effect with maxima of pyroelectric coefficients γ = 6.1 - 12.4 (10-2.μC.cm-2.K-1), and pyroelectric coefficients at room temperature: 2.19 - 5.80 (10-3.μC.cm-2.K-1)

Keywords: ZT, Zr - rich PZT ferroelectric ceramics, pyroelectric, doped with Ta I. I

Pages: 66 - 69 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-43

13. CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION/UTILIZATION FOR MICROALGAL GROWTH IN PHOTOBIOREACTOR

Authors: ARADHANA SRIVASTAVA , LUV MEHAN , RAHUL KUMAR

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is the major contributor to pollution build-up that can be circumvented if this carbon dioxide is captured and utilised for manufacturing of other products. In our present study, we aimed to cultivate the microalgae utilising renewable carbon source CO2. We observed a rapid growth of microalgae 0.91 day-1 for Nannochloropsis sp. and 0.5 day-1 for A. platensis in stirred batch closed photobioreactor. Also, the studies on CO2 sequestration rate by these microalgae revealed that A. platensis have 14.36% higher CO2 sequestration rate when grown in photobioreactor

Keywords: Sequestration, CO2, microalgae, photobioreactor.

Pages: 62 - 65 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-42

14. A STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR INTEGRATIVE COMFORT FACTORS OF THE KOREAN TRADITIONAL HOUSING

Authors: SEUNG-HOON HAN

Abstract: Intention of this study is to evaluate indoor environmental quality system using physical and psychological analysis presented on the consideration of the traditional houses in Korea, called Hanok. In addition, this paper is to build a diversified, integrative evaluation system considering traditional, aesthetic and psychological values. For this study, the degree of integrative indoor environmental (IEQ) quality was analyzed and IEQ performance has been classified. Indoor environmental quality performance was divided into two large performance categories: physical and psychological. For this research, survey data from residents were collected for evaluating psychological indoor environmental quality. Existing relevant studies about IEQ evaluation system were driven to reveal the quantitative elements of the suggested classification system. This study also contains a qualitative indepth analysis of the IEQ factor and will examine the effect of those elements. This study has finally pro

Keywords: Physical Environment, Psychological Comfort, Integrated Comfort Evaluation System, Indoor Environment Quality, Insulation Evaluation Method, TDRi, Simulation for Solar Performance

Pages: 53 - 57 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-40

15. THE METHOD TO CREATE TRANSMISSION LINES AND INCREASE THE POWER SYSTEM STABILITY BY USING INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM MODEL

Authors: DJOKO M. HARTONO

Abstract: because Java-Bali system is weak. The power system stability needs to be increasing the 500 kV transmission lines. The construction of the south transmission line, planned since 1996, has been hampered by land acquisition problems. Locals in Depok in West Java and in Klaten and Bantul, Central Java, have refused to make way for the power line. A simulation by using Etap Power Station shows phenomena occurred during the blackout on August 18th 2005 the northern transmission line capacity extremely high (EHV) 500 KV transmission line Saguling-Cibinong (middle transmission line) is the only interconnected transmission line to invert electrical power from power station in East Java to West Java and Jakarta. The interconnection network along the Saguling-Cibinong transmission line cannot handle additional load since it almost reach its capacity limit. Moreover it is not flexible enough to supply power to Jakarta. By adding the north transmission line Muaratawar-Cawang and Muaratawar-Cibinon

Keywords: blackout, security, EHV 500 KV, transmission line.

Pages: 58 - 61 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-41

16. ACID MINE WATER TREATMENT WITH FILTRATION SYSTEM USING CERAMIC MEMBRANE

Authors: RACHMAWATI APRIANI

Abstract: Acid mine drainage is an environmental pollutant waste arising from mining activities . Acid mine drainage ( AAT ) sulphida formed when certain minerals that exist in rocks exposed to conditions where there is water and oxygen ( as the main factor ) which causes the oxidation processes and produces water with acidic conditions . The purpose of this study is to apply the use of ceramic membranes in acid mine water treatment unit and improve the quality of the acid mine water to be safely discharged into the environment . In this study , acid mine water through the process of coagulation , filtration using a filter size of 5 lm , activated carbon and ceramic membrane . Varied parameters are operating pressure differential is 10.3 ; 15.3 ; 18.3 psi with operation time is 15 , 30 , 45 and 60 minutes . The results showed that the ceramic membrane made from clay , rice bran and iron powder with a composition of 87.5 % clay , 10 % rice bran and 2.5 % iron powder and clay composition of 77.5 %

Keywords: ceramic membranes , acid mine drainage , filtration

Pages: 83 - 86 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-47

17. EFFECT OF LIPID COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION METHOD ON PROPERTIES OF FERULIC ACID ENCAPSULATED LIPOSOMES

Authors: D. NEDRA KARUNARATNE , K.M. GEETHI K. PAMUNUWA , VERANJA KARUNARATNE

Abstract: In this study, the effect of charge which is brought about by the lipid composition and method of preparation on the properties of ferulic acid encapsulated liposomes was investigated to determine the optimum conditions with respect to mainly in vitro release and ex vivo skin permeation of ferulic acid. Positively charged liposomes exhibited higher encapsulation efficiencies than negatively charged liposomes. However, positively charged liposomes were much larger and less homogenous than negatively charged liposomes, which may influence many properties including biodistribution. It was revealed that positively charged liposomes are better for slow release while negatively charged liposomes are better for skin permeation properties.

Keywords: liposomal encapsulation, ferulic acid, slow release, skin permeation

Pages: 87 - 91 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-48

18. INDUCTION OF GENOTOXIC DAMAGE IN FISH AS REVEALED BY THE MICRONUCLEUS TEST AND THE COMET ASSAY FOLLOWING IN VIVO EXPOSURE TO MARINE TOXIN OKADAIC ACID

Authors: SERPIL KONEN

Abstract: Okadaic acid (OA) involved in Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a marine toxin produced by dinoflagellates such as Prorocentrum sp. Although the neurotoxic properties of DA are well documented, very little is known regarding in vivo genotoxicity of OA on aquatic organisms, especially on fish. In the present paper, an in vivo study on the genotoxic effects of OA was carried out on a model fish Oreochromis niloticus using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. The fish were exposed to three different doses of okadaic acid via intraperitoneal injection. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at a single dose of 5 mg/l was used as positive control. Analysis of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage were carried out on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h post treatment. Our results revealed significant increases in the frequencies of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities as well as DNA strand breaks indicating the genotoxic potential of OA on fish.

Keywords: component, formatting, style, styling, insert

Pages: 92 - 96 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-49

19. AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL PARTICULARITY WITH HABITABILITY FACTORS USING VALUE ENGINEERING PROCESS TOWARDS NEW-HANOK VILLAGES IN KOREA

Authors: SEUNG-HOON HAN

Abstract: This study followed previous researches in order to identify the elements to assess the feasibility of the life and activities of modern life in the traditional residential area of South Korea called New-Hanok Village, checked the evaluation methods for the components of it in the aspect of urban planning . Concentricity on the analysis of the next steps to evaluate the factors of living in New-Hanok, in addition, it has also been given from the results of the survey and analyzed in order to see an important element of New-Hanok from expert surveys. Through assessment and analysis, contracture and designers, tendering would have a more detailed view of the important elements of New-Hanok, could ascend the essential excogitation, the details of constituent, with the construction methods to reduce costs and condense fabrication time.

Keywords: New-Hanok Village, Structural Particularity, Habitability, Evaluation Index, Informal Appraisal

Pages: 97 - 101 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-50

20. EFFECT OF ANTHROBACTER CREATINOLYTICUS ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATED WATER BY ECHINODORUS CORDIFOLIUS

Authors: CHANNRATHA PRUM , RUJIRA DOLPHEN

Abstract: Arsenic (As) contamination in the environment is a worldwide problem. Many technologies such as oxidation, membrane technology, adsorption, electrokinetics, ion exchange have been used to remove As from contaminated water. However, these technologies are required high costs and skillful labor for control and maintenance. Phytoremediation, using plant to remove pollution, is a cost effective and eco-friendly technology. Nevertheless, this technology still brings about limitations such as high phytotoxicity of As. Application of microorganisms to enhance heavy metal removal by plant might be an effective technology. Some plant species such as Echinodorus cordifolius, Cyparus alternifolium, Acrostichum aureum, Coolocasia esculenta, and Echinodorus cordifolius were screened for As removal efficiency. From our screening plants revealed that E. cordifolius was the highest efficiency species for As removal. Combination between E. cordifolius and microorganisms for As removal was studied. Baci

Keywords: Carbon Nanoparticles, Blast, Explosive

Pages: 147 - 151 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-93

21. ANALYSES OF CARBON AND ACTIVATED CARBON NANOFIBER WEB

Authors: NILGUN KARATEPE YAVUZ , NURAY UCAR , PELIN ALTAY , ZEYNEP BURCU CAVDAR

Abstract: This paper focuses on the morphological, thermal and structural properties of the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) after carbonization and activation and also stabilization process. PAN based carbon nanofibers were produced by electrospinning process followed by heat-treatments (stabilization, carbonization and activation process). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization of electrospun ACFs and loss weight was also calculated. The results show that the structure of ACFs becomes more stable after carbonization and also activation+carbonization process by increasing the yield of carbon atoms, as compared with untreated and stabilized PAN nanofiber. The diameter of fiber decreases after carbonization and activation process.

Keywords: carbon fiber, activated carbon web, electrospinning

Pages: 142 - 147 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-92

22. PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID ANAMMOX REACTOR USING A PILE FABRIC AS BIOMASS CARIER FOR HIGH NITROGEN REMOVAL RATE

Authors: GUSTI DIANSYAH , MA Y , MASASHI TAKEKAWA , TUTY EMILIA AGUSTINA

Abstract: Ammonia removal from wastewater using anaerobic process called anammox which in effect will result in the removal of nitrogen is paramount. Anammox is a biological method of nitrogen removal which is considered to be efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly. This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of hybrid anammox reactor for removal of synthetic wastewater containing high ammonia concentration. The anammox hybrid reactor with an effective volume of 6.0 L was operated with two parts, combining fixed bed in the upper part and fluidized bed in the bottom part. The upper part was constructed with a porous polyester pile fabric material to effectively attach the suspended sludge. A maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 15.3 kg-N m-3 d-1 was reached on the operation day 97 with a TN removal efficiency of 77%. From the viewpoint of the biomass concentration, the fluidized bed was considerably responsible for 82% of the total nitrogen removal.

Keywords: Anammox, Hybrid reactor, Pile fabric, Nitrogen removal

Pages: 138 - 141 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-91

23. APPLICATIONS OF THIN INSULATING FILM-COATED ELECTRODES FOR HOT ELECTRON INJECTION INTO AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS

Authors: KALLE SALMINEN , PAIVI KUOSMANEN , SAKARI KULMALA

Abstract: Hot electrons can be injected into aqueous electrolyte solution from tunnel emission electrodes which are composed of a conductor coated with a thin insulating film. Conductors can be e.g. metals, or strongly doped semiconductors [1, 2]. Insulating film should be fabricated from an insulator material with a band gap of ca. 5 eV or preferably higher, and the Fermi level of the insulator should be somewhere in the mid band gap region. The hot electrons are emitted to aqueous electrolyte solution by direct field-assisted tunneling [2, 3]. After injection into the conduction band of water the hot electrons are thermalized and solvated to form hydrated electrons which finally act as reducing mediators in the Hot Electron-induced Electrochemiluminescence (HECL) systems. HECL is utilized mainly in immunoanalysis and in DNA-probe assays in which electrochemiluminescent labels are utilized [ 3 -5crp, 2, tsh]. Best labels are aromatic lanthanide chelates which allow time-resolved HECL detection

Keywords: Applications, Film-Coated Electrodes, Electron Injection, Solutions

Pages: 137 - 137 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-90

24. FOURFOLD PATTERN OF UNDERTAKING RISKY ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS

Authors: MIKE FUNG

Abstract: Majority of past studies on managerial risk-taking have examined the determinants of risk-taking from the agency perspective. However, a substantial body of evidence has shown that Expected Utility Theory (EUT) provides inadequate description for decision-making under risky prospects. This study proposes an empirical framework for investigating managerial incentives to undertake risky environmental projects. Such incentives are assumed to follow the fourfold pattern of risk-attitude as implied by Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) – risk-taking is higher over low-probability reference gains or high-probability reference losses, and is lower over high-probability reference gains or low-probability reference losses. Reference gains and losses are respectively defined as positive and negative deviations from peers’ performance

Keywords: Managerial risk-taking; Environmental projects; Prospect theory

Pages: 136 - 136 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-89

25. ESTIMATION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT BASED ON A THERMAL ANALYSIS METHOD CASE OF THE SAND

Authors: DERBAL RADHOUAN , DEFER DIDIER , CHAUCHOIS ALEXIS , BRACHELET FRANCK

Abstract: A thermal analysis method based on inverse heat transfer is presented to estimate moisture content. The inverse method is based on experimental and numerical studies. A sand multilayer at different moisture contents is thermally excited. Thermocouple probes are placed at different positions in the thickness, and at the extremities of the multilayer, and record temperature variations during a test. A numerical heat transfer model associated with a parametric estimation algorithm allows layers’ moisture contents identification. Results are obtained thanks to previous tests that provide empirical relationships between the thermophysical properties and the moisture content

Keywords: Moisture content; Inverse heat transfer; Thermal characterization; Thermophysical properties

Pages: 130 - 135 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-88

26. INVESTIGATION OF SO2 ADSORPTION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE FIBER BUNDLE

Authors: NILGUN KARATEPE YAVUZ , NURAY UCAR , AYSEN ONEN , AYSEN ONEN , ILKAY OZSEV YUKSEK

Abstract: This study focuses on the SO2 adsorption properties of graphene oxide fiber bundle. Graphene oxide fiber bundle was produced by NaOH reduction and Hummer’s method, and SO2 adsorption tests were carried out. According to the SEM analysis and EDS Spectra, sulphur particles accumulated on the surface of the graphene oxide fibers were observed, in along with the result of the EDS spectra showing 6.7% sulphur content on the graphene oxide fibers. The absorption was also 102 mg of SO2 per gram of sorbent (mg/gram) according to titration test.

Keywords: graphene oxide fiber bundle, SO2 adsorption

Pages: 127 - 129 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-87

27. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY FOR MEMS SAW RESONATOR

Authors: JAMILAH KARIM , ANIS NURASHIKIN NORDIN, , RAFIDAH ROSMAN

Abstract: This paper presents the simulation results and the performance comparison for three different pierce oscillator circuit topologies. The oscillators were based on the CMOS MEMS SAW resonator. The designs were simulated using 0.35um CMOS technology. Design_3 has the best phase noise performance and settling time as compared to the other two topologies namely Design_1 and Design_2. The settling time for Design_3 was 10ns and the phase noise performance was - 90.3dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset frequency. Design_2 required 40ns to achieve stability where the phase noise performance was - 80.1dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset frequency. Meanwhile, Design_1 required 30ns before it could achieve stability and the phase noise performance was -56.8dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset frequency. Phase noise performance was the most important criteria for oscillator where in most cases, the resonator used in an oscillator must have high Q in order for the oscillator to have good phase noise performance. However, the sustainin

Keywords: MEMS based Oscillator, MEMS resonator, MEMS SAW resonator, Pierce Oscillator

Pages: 122 - 126 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-83

28. RELATIONSHIP OF REFLECTION COEFFICIENT (S11) AND BRIX LEVEL MEASUREMENT OF MALAYSIAN LOCAL ORANGES SKIN

Authors: JAMILAH KARIM , RAFIDAH ROSMAN , YOU KOK YEOW

Abstract: This paper presents study towards Malaysian local oranges peel to predict Brix i.e. sweetness level using a monopole sensor for its relationship on reflection coefficient (S11), Brix and moisture content (%m.c). Analysis was carried out in order to support hypothesis that oranges skin or peel can determined its flesh sweetness non-destructively. The effect on reflection coefficient (S11) and its relation with Brix are measured towards 30 sample of Malaysian local oranges that freshly plucked from local oranges farm. The unique design of a holder for local oranges that is made of nylon is enclosed in this project contributed to its invention. The experiment test bed was set up based on standard dimension of small monopole sensor available in the market.

Keywords: oranges; S11; monopole sensor, Brix, moisture content, oranges

Pages: 118 - 121 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-82

29. DESIGN OF A HIGH VOLTAGE MULTIPLIER WITH SERIES- CONNECTED BIPOLAR TOPOLOGY

Authors: HIROKI FUJISAWA , ICHIROU OOTA , KANJI ABE , KEI EGUCHI

Abstract: Recently, non-thermal food processing utilizing an underwater shockwave has been receiving much attention to provide nutritious and fresh foods at low cost. To generate the underwater shockwave, we propose a series-connected high voltage multiplier with bipolar structure. Unlike conventional Cockcroft-Walton voltage multipliers (CWVMs), the proposed multiplier amplifies the input voltage twice by connecting positive/negative multiplier blocks in series. Furthermore, these multiplier blocks are driven by high speed rectangular pulses. Owing to the series-connected bipolar topology, the proposed multiplier can achieve not only high conversion ratio but also high response speed. The operation principle and characteristic evaluation are described concerning the proposed multiplier. Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed multiplier.

Keywords: bipolar topology, Cockcroft-Walton multipliers, high speed multipliers, non-thermal food processing, seriesconnected multipliers.

Pages: 113 - 117 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-71

30. CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF DUAL WASTES INTO WORTH

Authors: CHAO-CHIN CHAN , MING-ZEN CHANG , YEUH-HUI LIN

Abstract: Recycling of polymer waste is important both in the conservation of resources and the environment. A plastic waste was pyrolyzed over a series of post-use commercial catalysts using a fluidizing reaction system. Experiments carried out with these catalysts gave good yields of valuable hydrocarbons with differing selectivity in the final products text. Greater product selectivity was observed with a hybrid catalyst of MCM-41/Cat- R1 with more than 65.8 wt% olefins products.

Keywords: Recycling, waste, Catalyst, Pyrolysis, Selectivity

Pages: 109 - 112 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-70

31. DETONATION OF TRI-NITRO-TOULENE INTO CARBON-COATED NANOCAPSULES

Authors: MING-ZEN CHANG , YEUH-HUI LIN

Abstract: Nano-structured materials have been synthesized by a self-heating detonation process using a TNT (Tri-nitro-toulene) explosive for providing the need of high temperatures, high shock waves, and parts of carbon sources such as wax in the presence of Ti-containing catalysts. The products of carbon nanoparticles, nanotubes and nano-size catalyst powders are characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM techniques. This research presents the use of this specially system to study the catalytic detonation process, the relationship between the experimental conditions and product distribution and roles of the catalyst types. The metal compounds are converted into metallic nanoparticles due to the fast decomposition and a reduction reaction after the detonation, which play an important role for the growth of different size of carbon capsules. Moreover, the results experimentally used in this study show that it is possible for a cheaper process and can be as an alternatives compared to these high energ

Keywords: Detonation, TNT, Nanocapsule

Pages: 106 - 108 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-69

32. SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES BY METALLIC CATALYZED-BLAST TECHNOLOGY

Authors: CHAO-CHIN CHAN , MING-ZEN CHANG , YEUH-HUI LIN , YI-QI HUANG

Abstract: Since the discovery of carbon nanostructures, this kind of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their novel properties and potential applications such as in high-performing nano-materials, nanoelectronics, high-efficiency energy storage, cold field emitter. Carbon nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a self-heating detonation process using an energetic explosive of RDX to provide the need of high temperatures, high shock waves, and parts of carbon sources in the presence of various metalliccontaining catalysts. The products of carbon nanotubes and nano-scale catalyst particles are characterized by XRD, EDX and TEM techniques. The systematic experiments carried out indicate that catalysts can be selected to improve the yield of CNPs in the product distributions. These data experimentally show that it is possible for a cheaper process to produce CNPs under catalytic detonation conditions used in this study. The systematic experiments carrie

Keywords: Carbon Nanoparticles, Blast, Explosive

Pages: 102 - 105 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-68