145 Articles Published

1. PERFORMANCE PREDICTION APPROACHES FOR COMPONENT-BASED SYSTEMS

Authors: KULJIT KAUR , MONIKA KALOTRA

Abstract: Performance predictions of component assemblies and obtaining performance properties from these predictions are a crucial success factor for component based systems. The number of methods and tools has been developed that analyze the performance of software systems. These methods and tools aim at helping software engineers by providing them with the capability to understand design trade-offs and optimize their design by identifying performance or predict a systems performance within a specified deployment environment. In this paper, we establish a basis to select an appropriate prediction method and to provide recommendations for future research, which could improve the performance prediction of componentbased systems.

Keywords: Component-based system, quantitative approach, Performance, Prediction.

Pages: 1 - 6 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-01

2. A REVIEW: AN IMPROVED K-MEANS CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE IN WSN

Authors: NAVJOT KAUR JASSI , SANDEEP SINGH WRAICH

Abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a Base Station. Due to the increase in the quantity of data across the world, it turns out to be very complex task for analyzing those data. Categorize those data into remarkable collection is one of the common forms of understanding and learning. This leads to the requirement for better data mining technique. These facilities are provided by a standard data mining technique called Clustering. Clustering can be considered the most important unsupervised learning technique so as every other problem of this kind; it deals with finding a structure in a collection of unlabeled data. This paper reviews four types of clustering techniques- K-Means Clustering, LEACH, HEED, and TEEN. K-Means clustering is very simple and effective for clustering. It is appropriate when the large dataset is used for clust

Keywords: WSN, cluster, k-means, LEACH, HEED, TEEN, Centroid, Clusterhead.

Pages: 7 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-02

3. A REVIEW: AN IMPROVED K-MEANS CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE IN WSN

Authors: NAVJOT KAUR JASSI , SANDEEP SINGH WRAICH

Abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a Base Station. Due to the increase in the quantity of data across the world, it turns out to be very complex task for analyzing those data. Categorize those data into remarkable collection is one of the common forms of understanding and learning. This leads to the requirement for better data mining technique. These facilities are provided by a standard data mining technique called Clustering. Clustering can be considered the most important unsupervised learning technique so as every other problem of this kind; it deals with finding a structure in a collection of unlabeled data. This paper reviews four types of clustering techniques- K-Means Clustering, LEACH, HEED, and TEEN. K-Means clustering is very simple and effective for clustering. It is appropriate when the large dataset is used for clust

Keywords: WSN, cluster, k-means, LEACH, HEED, TEEN, Centroid, Clusterhead.

Pages: 7 - 11 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-02

4. IMAGE COMPRESSION ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING USING DCT AND LZW LOSSLESS APPROACH

Authors: SADHANA SINGH , ASHISH AGRAWAL , MALAY TRIPATHI , SHIV KUMAR VAISH

Abstract: There are various applications of image processing like satellite imaging, biomedical imaging, remote sensing and radar imaging where the size of the image and quality of the image is most important but it requires a lot of space to store at the places due to the high bandwidth of the communication of the original image. In these applications we apply the image compression techniques to store the data and reduce its space for storage time. There are various factors which affecting the compression like spatial resolution, bit depth, noise, image sizing, viewing distance, etc. Biomedical imaging focuses on the capture of images for both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. The biomedical images can be displayed by the high bit resolution and we have to convert the high bit resolution into the low bit resolution for displaying the images. This problem is occurs mostly on the low-cost or small devices. In this paper, we capture the 2D images for resolving. The resolution of the 2D images is

Keywords: Lossless compression, Biomedical images, 2D images, LZW, DCT

Pages: 16 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-04

5. IMAGE COMPRESSION ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING USING DCT AND LZW LOSSLESS APPROACH

Authors: SADHANA SINGH , ASHISH AGRAWAL , MALAY TRIPATHI , SHIV KUMAR VAISH

Abstract: There are various applications of image processing like satellite imaging, biomedical imaging, remote sensing and radar imaging where the size of the image and quality of the image is most important but it requires a lot of space to store at the places due to the high bandwidth of the communication of the original image. In these applications we apply the image compression techniques to store the data and reduce its space for storage time. There are various factors which affecting the compression like spatial resolution, bit depth, noise, image sizing, viewing distance, etc. Biomedical imaging focuses on the capture of images for both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. The biomedical images can be displayed by the high bit resolution and we have to convert the high bit resolution into the low bit resolution for displaying the images. This problem is occurs mostly on the low-cost or small devices. In this paper, we capture the 2D images for resolving. The resolution of the 2D images is

Keywords: Lossless compression, Biomedical images, 2D images, LZW, DCT

Pages: 16 - 20 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-04

6. EFFECT OF END SECTIONS IN SPEECH RECOGNITION

Authors: DIGANTA BAISHYA

Abstract: The speech recognition process involves humanmachine communication via human voice. This complex process involves understanding and differentiating the basic characteristics of speech. Lot of work has been done in this regard, but we are yet to have a system with hundred percent recognition rate thus limiting uses of such a system only to noncritical applications. The task is to recognize the human voice sent to the machine via a communication media. The paper discusses some works done in the area of speech recognition. All speech recognition algorithms consider specific characteristics of speech signal resulting into better recognition rate in the recent years. However people are still looking into different aspects of speech signal to improve their rates. We focus on an aspect that is not studied much yet. The paper reports experiments conducted to verify whether the position of a word in a sentence influences the recognition rate, and if so, how and what can be done to utilize this

Keywords: Continuous Speech, HTK, Word Position, Recognition Rate, Viterbi

Pages: 21 - 25 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-05

7. AN EFFECTIVE MODEL FOR E-GOVERNANCE USING CLOUD COMPUTING- (EGAAS) E-GOVERNANCE AS A SERVICE

Authors: MANISH KUMAR , KUNWAR SINGH VAISLA

Abstract: The objective of this paper is utilize the cloud computing using the e-Governance and discuss effective use of e-Governance with the help of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). e- Governance helps to the all government department move to cloud using e-governance based cloud. e- Governance is the application of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). e-Governance provide faster way to communicate all government department through the cloud. cloud is the best way to integrate the all department using the e-Governance. e-Governance is the services provided by the government to the citizens that improve the service delivery and save the time. In this paper we discuss a delivery model that integrate the cloud computing facility with the help of e-Governance. There are many e-Governance applications use in cloud. In this paper we integrate all services of e-Governance through the cloud and propose a model for e-Governance application that is use in cloud.

Keywords: e-Governance; Objective of e-Governance; Cloud Computing; Classification of cloud computing; eAuthentication; eGaaS (e-Governance as a Service)

Pages: 26 - 30 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-06

8. WHITE BLOOD NUCLEUS SEGMENTATION USING AN AUTOMATED THRESHOLDING AND MATHEMATICAL MORPHING

Authors: H.S. BHADAURIA, , ANJALI GAUTAM , ANNAPURNA SINGH

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to automate the process of detection of leukocytes using image processing techniques such as automatic thresholding and mathematical morphing. We have used the segmentation to detect white blood nucleus. Now a day’s the automatic system is preferred as manual segmentation is very tedious, tardy and sometime prone to error, besides that the medical instruments which are used to detect white blood cells are very costly and may not be exist in all the hospitals and clinics. In automatic process, localization and segmentation of white blood cell are the most important stages. In this research we focus on white blood cell nucleus segmentation in which we firstly applied the mathematical techniques to identify the dark objects in an image like white blood cell and platelets then automatic segmentation on blood smears using the global Ostu thresholding technique which convert the segmented image to binary image and then mathematical morphing is applied on the binary i

Keywords: White Blood Cells, Mathematical Morphing, Leukemia, Segmentation

Pages: 31 - 35 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-07

9. PUNJABI SPEECH RECOGNITION: A SURVEY

Authors: MUSKAN , NAVEEN AGGARWAL

Abstract: As Punjabi language is one of the most widely used languages in media and communication, its speech recognition is need of the hour. Hence, survey has been carried out for Punjabi speech recognition. In this, work has been carried out from boundary detection of isolated word recognition from Historical Perspective to that of present scenario. However, this has been limitAs Punjabi language is one of the most widely used languages in media and communication, its speech recognition is need of the hour. Hence, survey has been carried out for Punjabi speech recognition. In this, work has been carried out from boundary detection of isolated word recognition from Historical Perspective to that of present scenario. However, this has been limited to constraints and assumptions. This paper discusses the related work and future challenges.ed to constraints and assumptions. This paper discusses the related work and future challenges.

Keywords: Automatic Speech Recognition, Punjabi language, Hidden Markov Model, Dynamic Time Wrapping, MFCC, LPC.

Pages: 36 - 42 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-08

10. DEMYSTIFYING BLACK BOX OVER WHITE BOX TESTING

Authors: ANIKET RAMGIRI , HARPREET OBERAI , RUHI OBEROI

Abstract: Within the automated testing world there are two predominating testing methodologies: black-box and white-box. This paper seeks to explore the pros and cons of both approaches and to identify when each approach should be used to ensure quality applications are delivered to market. In the end, this paper concludes that while black-box testing has its drawbacks in the past, innovative approaches to black-box testing makes it the likely choice to deal with the ever increasing complexity of applications and deliver lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and a better Return on Investment (ROI) to organizations although it can be used with a degree of white box testing involved in it.

Keywords: Black Box, White Box, Total Cost of Ownership, Return of Ownership

Pages: 43 - 47 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-09

11. A SURVEY ON RECOMMENDATION ALGORITHM FOR MOVIE RECOMMENDATION ON CLOUD

Authors: SWATI PANDEY , T. SENTHIL KUMAR

Abstract: In current era, Web is the best source for getting any information or making decision on something. People get online suggestions before making any decision such as buying any product, booking movie tickets etc. In such cases recommendation systems play important role. Recommendation System works on the data about users and items which has to be recommended. Due to huge size of data, distributed systems come into existence.

Keywords: Recommendation System, Hadoop, HBase, Mahout, Map-Reduce

Pages: 48 - 52 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-10

12. PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT ALGORITHM WITH PARALLELIZATION

Authors: NIRMAL LOURDH RAYAN S

Abstract: Mathematical Optimization refers to finding the minimum or maximum value from a desired set of outcomes. This paper discusses about optimization in two levels. Levenberg- Marquardt is used for back propagation to minimize non-linear least square error using curve fitting. This minimization involves functional optimization to reduce error in neural network (NN) classification. The second level of optimization is on improving the performance of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) by using divide and conquer methods to parallelize computation

Keywords: Levenberg-Marquardt; Back Propagation; Neural Networks; Optimization, Fitting, Parallelization; Fork/Join; Divide and Conquer; Java

Pages: 53 - 58 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-11

13. PREDICTIVE OBJECT POINT METRICS (POP): A BETTER SIZE ESTIMATOR FOR OO SOFTWARE

Authors: RAGHURAJ SINGH , SHUBHA JAIN

Abstract: Various Techniques exists for OO estimation during different phases of software development process. PRICE Systems has developed a metric called Predictive Object Points which was designed specifically for Object oriented software and results from the measurement of the object-oriented properties of the system. Another well established technique is function points measurement for size estimation. In order to determine the suitable metrics for OO software estimation, Predictive Object Point (POP) software sizing metric is compared here with well established Function Point (FP) software sizing metric. Various projects have been taken for this comparison. This paper presents the results for these metrics. Both the results are compared to show that POP count estimate is better than FP with certain conditions.

Keywords: Object-Oriented Measurement, Predictive Object Point, POP Count, Software Metrics, Software Sizing, Software Estimation Technique, Function Point.

Pages: 59 - 62 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-12

14. CONSTRAINT BASED QOS ROUTING IN MANET

Authors: M.K. PANDEY , SONIKA KANDARI

Abstract: A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes, which dynamically form a temporary network, without using any infrastructure like wireless access points or base-stations. There are many real life applications based on Quality of Service (QoS) support provided by MANETs. But QoS provisioning in MANETs is a very challenging problem when compared to wired IP networks keeping in view different constraints to be satisfied. In this paper, we reviewed the constraint based QoS routing in MANET and discussed several related issues.

Keywords: Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Quality of service, QoS Routing

Pages: 63 - 68 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-13

15. MANAGE CLIPBOARD TO PREVENT COPYING IMPORTANT FILES

Authors: NATAASHA RAUL , NEHA LOKHANDE , PRIYANK CHHEDA , SIDDHESH KARODE

Abstract: Traditional security measures have been developed to protect computer system and data within mainly against outside attackers. However, in modern world, new types of threat arise due to bribable employee. Insider threats have potential to inflict severe damage to organization’s resources, financial assets and reputation. There are many types of insider threats which can break confidentiality, integrity, or availability. This paper focuses on the violations of confidentiality and integrity by privilege misuse or escalation in sensitive applications. First, we analyze and identify insider-threat scenarios that compromise confidentiality and integrity. We then discuss how to detect each threat scenario by analyzing the primitive user activities. We have implemented a threat detection mechanism by extending the capabilities of existing software packages. Since our approach can proactively detect the insider’s malicious behaviors before the malicious insider’s goal is achieved, we can preve

Keywords: Active Detection, Monitoring, Insider Threats

Pages: 69 - 73 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-14

16. IMAGE VECTORIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT POINT DETECTION

Authors: PREETI JOSHI

Abstract: In this paper we present a novel method for compact representation of images as a list of lines and splines. The method uses vectorization of images based on significance measure. The image could be represented as a list of dominant points (spline control points) instead of the m × n array of pixels. This is a compact representation of images and experiments have shown that the compression achieved in vector images is 99% and for curved images also we could represent the image as a list of spline curves. These dominant points are called the significant points using which the original image could be reconstructed without any significant loss of information. The method is affine transformation invariant. This method has many advantages such as compression, faster processing, transmission and less storage. The compact representation of image could be used for pattern matching such as character recognition. The paper also discusses piece-wise linear reconstruction of image from these signi

Keywords: image vectorization, reconstruction, segmentation.

Pages: 74 - 78 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-15

17. EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF PROFILES TO REDUCE TIME IN VERY LARGE DATA SET

Authors: R.H.GOUDAR

Abstract: Hadoop is a software framework for analysis of large data sets. Hadoop distributed file system and map reduce paradigm provide an efficient way to deal with terabyte of data being produced every second. MapReduce is known as a popular way to hold data in the cloud environment due to its excellent scalability and good fault tolerance. However, creating profiles for the same job again and again makes it less efficient. This paper proposes an INTERFACE that optimizes time taken to match sampled mapreduce jobs (Js) with already created profiles. It acts as mediator between profile store and worker (nodes).

Keywords: Profile, sampling, tuning, optimization, mapreduce, hadoop distributed file system.

Pages: 79 - 83 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-16

18. CLOUD COMPUTING FOR MOBILE APPLICATION

Authors: MANDAR K KEKADE

Abstract: Cloud computing is an incipient concept combining many fields of computing. Cloud computing provides the services, reducing cost, increasing storage providing flexibility and mobility of information, software and processing capacity over the Internet. However, while achieving the actual realization of these benefits for mobile applications, many new research queries/questions has been opened up. We have surveyed existing work in mobile computing through the prism of cloud computing principle in order to understand how to facilitate the building of mobile cloud-based applications. Though their are many advantages of mobile cloud computing, but their is no open standard available for MCC which handicaps portability of MCC. In this paper we propose a system which overcomes all the challenges in MCC. ‘Open cloud computing’ means any user can access the cloud services provided by any cloud service providers(CSPs).

Keywords: cloud computing(MCC), mobile agent, cloud computing service provider (CCSP)

Pages: 84 - 87 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-17

19. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS OVER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Authors: MANDAR K KEKADE

Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN), is a distributed network of sensor nodes which performs critical tasks in many applications. The efficiency of WSN strongly depends upon the routing protocol used. The routing protocols developed for these networks need to exhibit good performance. To create a better understanding of the performance of various existing routing protocols it is very important to analyze their performances in detail. In this paper we have analyzed four different types of routing protocols: the AODV, DSDV, DSR, and AOMDV using NS-2 and compared in terms of throughput and normalized routing overhead (NROH), by varying pause time, maximum speed and rate. They also compared with IEEE802.11 and IEEE802.15.4. On comparison, the throughput of DSDV of IEEE802.11 and NROH of DSDV of IEEE802.15.4 are observed to be better.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Routing Protocols

Pages: 88 - 91 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-18

20. A HYBRID APPROACH FOR ENHANCING DATA SECURITY BY COMBINING ENCRYPTION AND STEGANOGRAPHY

Authors: R.H.GOUDAR , ASHWINI B , PUSHPALATHA S

Abstract: In this era of fast growing technologies more attention needs to be paid for Security of multimedia data transferred over internet .Now a day’s every one depends on the internet for data, so confidential data needs protection from third party. This can be achieved by using Cryptography, Compression and Steganography, all three together. These methods individually provide part of security so, when they are combined together, multi-level security can be provided. In the existing system, DCT is used for compression purpose which provides lossy compression and block cipher methods are used for encryption of secret data. Although these approaches are relatively secure, but high processing is required, it involves computational overheads and processing speed is less. Hence there are various techniques proposed by authors to provide security of the data, In our proposed system a hybrid approach of Compression, Double-Encryption and Steganography is employed to increase encryption speed, reduc

Keywords: Cryptography, Steganography, Compression, chaotic mapping, LSB embedding,RSA

Pages: 92 - 96 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-19

21. SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT USING INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS) IN CLOUD: A REVIEW

Authors: ANUSUYA G

Abstract: Day by day cloud computing is gaining popularity and people are connecting applications in cloud using any device in any location. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a vital service in cloud computing which is developing fast. It offers resources such as virtual machines, storage, firewalls and network devices to the client machines. Deploying applications and managing infrastructure services which supports multiple environments is becoming expensive in cloud. The third party providers have its influence in cloud environment for deploying and delivering applications over a distributed network. This advanced growth in cloud computing makes the computing infrastructure certainly available in a very adaptable and dynamic pay-as-yougo model. This paper presents the comparative study of deployment models in IaaS and features in it.

Keywords: Cloud computing, IaaS, Deployment, Virtual Machines

Pages: 97 - 101 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-20

22. ANNOTATION: AN INVESTIGATIVE SURVEY OF ANNOTATION TYPES AND SYSTEMS

Authors: PRASHANT M.YELMAR , SANCHIKA BAJPAI , SONALI T. KADAM

Abstract: Annotation plays a important role in our daily life and study. Mostly documents exist in digital format on the web, people spends a large amount of their time on searching the web browsers for looking useful information. This is the unidirectional interaction with user.Annotations grow geometrically because of the reflections on documents shown by different writers and with their writing time. Firstly we have introduced the history of the annotation then some research related work done in the annotation results. Annotation can be done for the Web, java, pdf, text, xps (XML Paper Specification), mobile, image, multimedia etc. We focus on the survey to see the use of annotation in different areas along with the usage in different scenarios. In Information research for decision making and integrating an annotation database can be founded on the parameters such as document, user and time. Website which supports annotation systems, provide user friendly interfaces, easy-to-use structural an

Keywords: Information search, Information retrieval, Annotation, Metadata

Pages: 102 - 105 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-21

23. ANALOGY AND ANALYSIS OF FAST ADDERS USING FPGA

Authors: PREETI S.MANOHARE , ROHIT C. IYER

Abstract: Addition play important role in our day to day life the saying goes on “if you count you can control” mathematical operation are mostly used in arithmetic application, it is a basic operation for any digital electronics system, adder is a combinational circuit.Fast adder is used in digital electronics, to increase the speed by reducing the amount of time required to determine carry bit. This project deals with high data rate implementation of adder on field programmable gate array (FPGA).Different adder architecture is compare on the basis of their clock speeds & the resource utilization.

Keywords: layout in terms of area, speed of operation, reduce propagation delay, Carry select adder, ripple carry adder

Pages: 110 - 112 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-23

24. MODELING AND STRUCTURE PARAMETERS DESIGN OF THE SILICON RESONANT PRESSURE SENSOR

Authors: MOHAMED .M. SHAGLOUF

Abstract: Based on the sensing mechanism of microsensor, a simulation model of a practical silicon beam resonator attached to an E-type round diaphragm and used for measuring pressure is established. The relationship between the basic natural frequency of the beam resonator and the pressure is calculated, analyzed and investigated. As a microsensor FEM is used to study some important simulation results on the vibration features of the beam resonators. Based on the differential output signals, a set of optimum parameters of the proposed sensing unit is determined.

Keywords: Microsensor, beam, E-type round diaphragm, pressure, finite-element method.

Pages: 113 - 117 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-24

25. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF 8T FULL ADDER CELL USING DOUBLE GATE MOSFET

Authors: K. G. SHARMA , RUCHIKA , TRIPTI SHARMA

Abstract: This paper presents a design of a 8 transistor one-bit full adder cell with Double Gate MOSFET. This design has been compared with existing 8 transistor one-bit full adder cell using Single Gate MOSFET at 45nm technology in sub threshold region. In this paper, the designed circuits are observed keeping the power consumption and Power Delay Product as parameters. Simulations are performed on SPICE tool and they have verified the correct operation of the full adder cell using Double Gate MOSFET for a variety of inputs at different supply voltages, temperatures and frequencies. Results indicated that the full adder with Double Gate MOSFET is capable of significant improvement in power consumption and Power Delay Product.

Keywords: DG MOSFET, full adder, low power, PDP, subthreshold.

Pages: 118 - 121 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-25

26. A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DESIGNING LOW POWER 2-BIT MAGNITUDE COMPARATOR

Authors: TRIPTI SHARMA , K. G. SHARMA , VIJAYA SHEKHAWAT

Abstract: In this paper a new logic technique and hence circuit design has been proposed for the implementation of magnitude comparator. This proposed 2-Bit magnitude comparator is design to improve power consumption as well as on-chip area than its peer design. The proposed 2-Bit magnitude comparator has threshold loss of 13%-20%. This threshold loss is due to PTL (Pass Transistor Logic) logic applied at the input end and at the output end TG (Transmission Gate) logic is used, this is done to reduce the number of transistor. The schematic of 2-Bit magnitude comparator is designed using Tanner EDA Tool version 12.6 at 45nm technology.

Keywords: Magnitude Comparator, TG logic, Proposed Technique and Low Power

Pages: 122 - 126 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-26

27. BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Authors: HARDESH KUMAR SINGH , SOVAN MOHANTY

Abstract: The bodies of human beings and all animals are actuated by a complex network of noiseless, lossless transmission lines or axons controlled by a parallel processing computer or brain. So the body of human being is very much equivalent to a complex electronic and electrical circuit and this circuit can be controlled internally as well as externally effectively provided radio frequency power applied to it in a controlled and delicate manner. The question of hazard also arises from the unintentional exposure to radiation from high power radio, TV, radar and wireless transmitter. It is of concern to human that radio frequency heating can occur internally without much awareness because our heat sensors are on the skin. The effect becomes apparent at higher frequencies. Often question arises why transmission line effect usually noticeable at high frequency? What happens at low frequency? What are the definitions of high and low? What is near field and far field? How this effect creates nonlin

Keywords: Electromagnetic radiation, SAR, Resonant frequency, Radiation doses, Power spectral density.

Pages: 127 - 131 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-27

28. TEXT COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS WITH CLUSTERS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Authors: ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI , NARENDRAYADAV , REENA DADHICH

Abstract: Energy consumption not only depends on sensing the data but also on processing the sensed data and transmitting or receiving them to or from its neighbor nodes. So if it is possible to control number of transmission and receipt of messages, a significant amount of energy can be saved. Many studies have turned attention on reducing the amount of energy in wireless sensor network by controlling bits in most frequent communication and modify the way of communication between the hop to hop. All the hop follows a architecture and energy is depends on the that architecture and communication between Hop. This paper modifies the architecture of SPIN protocol and implements the cluster and clusterhead over the SPIN and proposed best way of communication between Hop to Hop using new compression algorithms over M- SPIN in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Keywords: Wireless sensor Network; SPIN; Huffman Encoding;

Pages: 132 - 135 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-28

29. FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING LOCAL GABOR BINARY PATTERN(LGBP) AND PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)

Authors: SHALU GUPTA , SONIT SINGH

Abstract: Facial Expression Recognition is one of the active research area in the field of Human Machine Interaction (HMI) because of its several applications such as human emotion analysis, stress level and lie detection. In this paper, an algorithm for facial expression recognition has been proposed which integrate the Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Gabor filter and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The proposed technique has been applied on JAFFE database. The comparative analysis on the basis of average recognition rate has been performed for each individual and integrated approach. The results shows highest recognition rate while combining LGBP and PCA, which is 87.5. The results indicate that when we integrate LBP, Gabor filter and PCA, then it provides high recognition rate.

Keywords: Facial expression analysis (FER), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Local Gabor Binary Patterns (LGBP), Gabor filter.

Pages: 136 - 141 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-29

30. 74V HIGH FIGURE-OF-MERIT LATERAL TRENCH GATE POWER MOSFET ON INGAAS

Authors: MUKESH BADIYARI , YASHVIR SINGH

Abstract: In this paper, a power lateral trench-gate metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) on InGaAs is proposed. The device consists of two gates placed vertically in separate trenches built in the drift region on both sides of P body region. Under ON-state, two channels are created in P-body which carry current simultaneously to enhance performance of the device. The trench structure of the proposed device causes reduced-surface-field effect in the drift region to improved breakdown voltage. The device design also provides a reduction in cell pitch and higher drift region doping to decrease the on-resistance. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of proposed device with that of the conventional MOSFET. The proposed MOSFET structure gives 80% higher breakdown voltage, 17% lower specific on-resistance, 25% reduction in cell pitch and 3.8 times improvement in figure-of-merit over the conventional device.

Keywords: Power MOSFET, InGaAs, trench-gate, breakdown voltage, on-resistance, figure-of-merit.

Pages: 142 - 145 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-30

31. REVIEW OF FPGA BASED DATA HIDING DATA IN DIGITAL IMAGES

Authors: HARSH VIKRAM SINGH , ANAND MOHAN , SUMAN YADAV

Abstract: In recent years, the applications about multimedia have been developed rapidly. Digital media brings about conveniences to the people, because it is easy to be processed. At the same time, it enables the illegal attackers to attack the works. For the protection of data, there has been growing interest in developing effective techniques to discourage the unauthorized duplication of digital data. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal in a way that is difficult to remove. The ultimate objective of the research presented in this paper was to develop low-power, high- performance, real-time, reliable and secure watermarking systems, which can be achieved through hardware implementations. In this paper, we present a review of FPGA based implementation of watermarking encoder and decoder.

Keywords: Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); Watermarking; Invisible algorithm; multimedia.

Pages: 146 - 150 | DOI: 10.15224978-1-6324802860231

32. SMART ANTENNA BEAMFORMING USING LMS ADAPTIVE FILTER ALGORITHM

Authors: ABHISHEK PAL , JASDEEP SINGH

Abstract: Adaptive filters are novel kind of filters used in Digital Signal Processing with adjustable weights. The weight adjustment in adaptive filters is done using some special kind of algorithms called as adaptive algorithms. Adaptive filters have a number of applications in various fields like signal processing, communication systems biomedical etc. One of the novel applications of Adaptive filters is in Smart Antenna Beam formation. Smart antenna is an antenna system used in wireless communication, with array of antenna elements having adjustable weights. By optimizing or adjusting the weights of adaptive antenna array the beam of antenna can be directed towards desired users and a null of beam can be placed toward undesired users thus enhancing the capacity of the system. The adjustment of weights is carried out using Adaptive Filter algorithms. In this paper, we have used LMS algorithm for beam formation in smart antenna.

Keywords: Smart antenna, LMS algorithm, beamformation, adaptive algorithms

Pages: 151 - 155 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-32

33. BANKING LOCKER SYSTEM WITH ODOR IDENTIFICATION & SECURITY QUESTION USING RFID & GSM TECHNOLOGY

Authors: SANAL MALHOTRA

Abstract: This paper describes Banking Locker Security system with Odor identification,Security Questions using RFID and GSM technology which can be used in banks, companies and at personal secured places. Only original account holder is able to use his locker. This system uses Odor identificatiom,Security question technique, RFID technology and GSM technology which makes it more secured than any other system. The system is more secured as 4 steps are required for verification. RFID tag is verified using RFID technology, then valid person has to answer the security question using Security question software technique and it should be same as that of stored (initially during account opening),then the valid person gets message in his mobile using GSM technology and has to type password from his mobile and keypad of locker, both passwords should match to open the door of the locker,and then odor identification will be done,the odor pattern should match with the odor pattern stored in the microcontro

Keywords: GSM,Odor Identification, Security Questions, RFID, Keyboard, Locking system, Microcontroller.

Pages: 156 - 159 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-33

34. REDUCED ORDER MODELING OF TRIPLE LINK INVERTED PENDULUM USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

Authors: SHEELA TIWARI , MUDITA JUNEJA

Abstract: In recent years, Particle Swarm Optimization has evolved as an effective global optimization algorithm whose dynamics has been inspired from swarming or collaborative behavior of biological populations. In this paper, PSO has been applied to Triple Link Inverted Pendulum model to find its reduced order model by minimization of error between the step responses of higher and reduced order model. Model Order Reduction using PSO algorithm is advantageous due to ease in implementation, higher accuracy and decreased time of computation. The second and third order reduced transfer functions of Triple Link Inverted Pendulum have been computed for comparison.

Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimization, Triple Link Inverted Pendulum, Model Order Reduction, Pole Placement technique.

Pages: 160 - 165 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-34

35. HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION BASED ON ANN USING HOG FEATURES

Authors: HARKISHAN SOHANPAL , RAJVIR KAUR , ASHWIN RATHORE

Abstract: In this paper, we present human activity recognition on static images. First, for feature extraction we employ Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The HOG is invariant to geometric transformations and photometric transformation such as changes in illumination or shadowing effect. The extracted features are then classified using Back- Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifier. Experimental results on Images from Weizmann dataset using proposed methodology show the accuracy of 99.2%. The results show that the human activity recognition can effectively be done using HOG features and BPNN as classifier.

Keywords: Human Activity Recognition(HAR), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), feature extraction, classification

Pages: 166 - 170 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-35

36. STUDY OF DIFFERENT CONTROLLER’S PERFORMANCE FOR A REAL TIME NON-LINEAR SYSTEM

Authors: ASHWIN RATHORE , DEEPANSHU SONI , M. KALYAN CHAKRAVARTHI , MOHIT GAGRANI

Abstract: The remarkable growth in the control mechanisms has been evidently seen in the last two decades. The controller Design has always been an important concern. In this paper we have chosen a real time Single Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (SSTLLS) for our investigation. The real time system is chosen to model the non-linear spherical system. This paper deals with the modeling of identified system in Simulink. System identification of this nonlinear process is done using black box model, which is identified to be nonlinear and approximated to be a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. A proportional and integral controller is designed in Simulink and various tuning methods including, Skogestad’s, Ziegler Nicolas(ZN) , Cheng and Hung(CH), and SIMC PID(SPD) are implemented. The paper will provide details about the implementation of the controller, and compare the results of PI tuning methods used.

Keywords: Single Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (SSTLLS), PI Controller, Simulink, LabVIEW

Pages: 171 - 175 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-36

37. DESIGN A STANDALONE PV SOLAR UMBRELLA

Authors: PARAMJEET SINGH JAMWAL

Abstract: This paper presents a generalized idea of a solar application by an umbrella, which has powered by solar radiation. This umbrella used a solar panel which has a several advantages, and provide a ample surface for mounted the panels, its design to allow the exposure of sunlight and conveniently portable. The solar powered umbrella has uses of providing shades for the user making outdoor experience more enjoyable

Keywords: Component Generalized umbrella structure, Solar panel

Pages: 176 - 178 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-37

38. A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DESIGNING LOW POWER 2-BIT MAGNITUDE COMPARATOR

Authors: K. G. SHARMA , SHIWANI SINGH, , TRIPTI SHARMA

Abstract: In this paper a new logic technique and hence circuit design has been proposed for the implementation of magnitude comparator. This proposed 2-Bit magnitude comparator is design to improve power consumption as well as on-chip area than its peer design. The proposed 2-Bit magnitude comparator has threshold loss of 13%-20%. This threshold loss is due to PTL (Pass Transistor Logic) logic applied at the input end and at the output end TG (Transmission Gate) logic is used, this is done to reduce the number of transistor. The schematic of 2-Bit magnitude comparator is designed using Tanner EDA Tool version 12.6 at 45nm technology.

Keywords: Magnitude Comparator, TG logic, Proposed Technique and Low Power

Pages: 122 - 126 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-26

39. BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Authors: HARDESH KUMAR SINGH , SOVAN MOHANTY

Abstract: The bodies of human beings and all animals are actuated by a complex network of noiseless, lossless transmission lines or axons controlled by a parallel processing computer or brain. So the body of human being is very much equivalent to a complex electronic and electrical circuit and this circuit can be controlled internally as well as externally effectively provided radio frequency power applied to it in a controlled and delicate manner. The question of hazard also arises from the unintentional exposure to radiation from high power radio, TV, radar and wireless transmitter. It is of concern to human that radio frequency heating can occur internally without much awareness because our heat sensors are on the skin. The effect becomes apparent at higher frequencies. Often question arises why transmission line effect usually noticeable at high frequency? What happens at low frequency? What are the definitions of high and low? What is near field and far field? How this effect creates nonlin

Keywords: Electromagnetic radiation, SAR, Resonant frequency, Radiation doses, Power spectral density.

Pages: 127 - 131 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-27

40. TEXT COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS WITH CLUSTERS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Authors: ASHUTOSH TRIPATHI , NARENDRAYADAV , REENA DADHICH

Abstract: Energy consumption not only depends on sensing the data but also on processing the sensed data and transmitting or receiving them to or from its neighbor nodes. So if it is possible to control number of transmission and receipt of messages, a significant amount of energy can be saved. Many studies have turned attention on reducing the amount of energy in wireless sensor network by controlling bits in most frequent communication and modify the way of communication between the hop to hop. All the hop follows a architecture and energy is depends on the that architecture and communication between Hop. This paper modifies the architecture of SPIN protocol and implements the cluster and clusterhead over the SPIN and proposed best way of communication between Hop to Hop using new compression algorithms over M- SPIN in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Keywords: Wireless sensor Network; SPIN; Huffman Encoding;

Pages: 132 - 135 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-28

41. FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING LOCAL GABOR BINARY PATTERN(LGBP) AND PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)

Authors: SHALU GUPTA , SONIT SINGH

Abstract: Facial Expression Recognition is one of the active research area in the field of Human Machine Interaction (HMI) because of its several applications such as human emotion analysis, stress level and lie detection. In this paper, an algorithm for facial expression recognition has been proposed which integrate the Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Gabor filter and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The proposed technique has been applied on JAFFE database. The comparative analysis on the basis of average recognition rate has been performed for each individual and integrated approach. The results shows highest recognition rate while combining LGBP and PCA, which is 87.5. The results indicate that when we integrate LBP, Gabor filter and PCA, then it provides high recognition rate.

Keywords: Facial expression analysis (FER), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Local Gabor Binary Patterns (LGBP), Gabor filter

Pages: 136 - 141 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-29

42. 74V HIGH FIGURE-OF-MERIT LATERAL TRENCH GATE POWER MOSFET ON INGAAS

Authors: MUKESH BADIYARI , YASHVIR SINGH

Abstract: In this paper, a power lateral trench-gate metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) on InGaAs is proposed. The device consists of two gates placed vertically in separate trenches built in the drift region on both sides of P body region. Under ON-state, two channels are created in P-body which carry current simultaneously to enhance performance of the device. The trench structure of the proposed device causes reduced-surface-field effect in the drift region to improved breakdown voltage. The device design also provides a reduction in cell pitch and higher drift region doping to decrease the on-resistance. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of proposed device with that of the conventional MOSFET. The proposed MOSFET structure gives 80% higher breakdown voltage, 17% lower specific on-resistance, 25% reduction in cell pitch and 3.8 times improvement in figure-of-merit over the conventional device.

Keywords: Power MOSFET, InGaAs, trench-gate, breakdown voltage, on-resistance, figure-of-merit.

Pages: 142 - 145 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-30

43. REVIEW OF FPGA BASED DATA HIDING DATA IN DIGITAL IMAGES

Authors: HARSH VIKRAM SINGH , ANAND MOHAN , SUMAN YADAV

Abstract: In recent years, the applications about multimedia have been developed rapidly. Digital media brings about conveniences to the people, because it is easy to be processed. At the same time, it enables the illegal attackers to attack the works. For the protection of data, there has been growing interest in developing effective techniques to discourage the unauthorized duplication of digital data. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal in a way that is difficult to remove. The ultimate objective of the research presented in this paper was to develop low-power, high- performance, real-time, reliable and secure watermarking systems, which can be achieved through hardware implementations. In this paper, we present a review of FPGA based implementation of watermarking encoder and decoder.

Keywords: Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA); Watermarking; Invisible algorithm; multimedia.

Pages: 146 - 150 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-31

44. SMART ANTENNA BEAMFORMING USING LMS ADAPTIVE FILTER ALGORITHM

Authors: ABHISHEK PAL , JASDEEP SINGH

Abstract: Adaptive filters are novel kind of filters used in Digital Signal Processing with adjustable weights. The weight adjustment in adaptive filters is done using some special kind of algorithms called as adaptive algorithms. Adaptive filters have a number of applications in various fields like signal processing, communication systems biomedical etc. One of the novel applications of Adaptive filters is in Smart Antenna Beam formation. Smart antenna is an antenna system used in wireless communication, with array of antenna elements having adjustable weights. By optimizing or adjusting the weights of adaptive antenna array the beam of antenna can be directed towards desired users and a null of beam can be placed toward undesired users thus enhancing the capacity of the system. The adjustment of weights is carried out using Adaptive Filter algorithms. In this paper, we have used LMS algorithm for beam formation in smart antenna.

Keywords: Smart antenna, LMS algorithm, beamformation, adaptive algorithms

Pages: 151 - 155 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-32

45. BANKING LOCKER SYSTEM WITH ODOR IDENTIFICATION & SECURITY QUESTION USING RFID & GSM TECHNOLOGY

Authors: SANAL MALHOTRA

Abstract: This paper describes Banking Locker Security system with Odor identification,Security Questions using RFID and GSM technology which can be used in banks, companies and at personal secured places. Only original account holder is able to use his locker. This system uses Odor identificatiom,Security question technique, RFID technology and GSM technology which makes it more secured than any other system. The system is more secured as 4 steps are required for verification. RFID tag is verified using RFID technology, then valid person has to answer the security question using Security question software technique and it should be same as that of stored (initially during account opening),then the valid person gets message in his mobile using GSM technology and has to type password from his mobile and keypad of locker, both passwords should match to open the door of the locker,and then odor identification will be done,the odor pattern should match with the odor pattern stored in the microcontro

Keywords: GSM,Odor Identification, Security Questions, RFID, Keyboard, Locking system, Microcontroller.

Pages: 156 - 159 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-33

46. BANKING LOCKER SYSTEM WITH ODOR IDENTIFICATION & SECURITY QUESTION USING RFID & GSM TECHNOLOGY

Authors: SANAL MALHOTRA

Abstract: This paper describes Banking Locker Security system with Odor identification,Security Questions using RFID and GSM technology which can be used in banks, companies and at personal secured places. Only original account holder is able to use his locker. This system uses Odor identificatiom,Security question technique, RFID technology and GSM technology which makes it more secured than any other system. The system is more secured as 4 steps are required for verification. RFID tag is verified using RFID technology, then valid person has to answer the security question using Security question software technique and it should be same as that of stored (initially during account opening),then the valid person gets message in his mobile using GSM technology and has to type password from his mobile and keypad of locker, both passwords should match to open the door of the locker,and then odor identification will be done,the odor pattern should match with the odor pattern stored in the microcontro

Keywords: GSM,Odor Identification, Security Questions, RFID, Keyboard, Locking system, Microcontroller

Pages: 156 - 159 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-33

47. REDUCED ORDER MODELING OF TRIPLE LINK INVERTED PENDULUM USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

Authors: SHEELA TIWARI , MUDITA JUNEJA

Abstract: In recent years, Particle Swarm Optimization has evolved as an effective global optimization algorithm whose dynamics has been inspired from swarming or collaborative behavior of biological populations. In this paper, PSO has been applied to Triple Link Inverted Pendulum model to find its reduced order model by minimization of error between the step responses of higher and reduced order model. Model Order Reduction using PSO algorithm is advantageous due to ease in implementation, higher accuracy and decreased time of computation. The second and third order reduced transfer functions of Triple Link Inverted Pendulum have been computed for comparison.

Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimization, Triple Link Inverted Pendulum, Model Order Reduction, Pole Placement technique.

Pages: 160 - 165 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-34

48. HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION BASED ON ANN USING HOG FEATURES

Authors: HARKISHAN SOHANPAL , RAJVIR KAUR , ASHWIN RATHORE

Abstract: In this paper, we present human activity recognition on static images. First, for feature extraction we employ Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The HOG is invariant to geometric transformations and photometric transformation such as changes in illumination or shadowing effect. The extracted features are then classified using Back- Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifier. Experimental results on Images from Weizmann dataset using proposed methodology show the accuracy of 99.2%. The results show that the human activity recognition can effectively be done using HOG features and BPNN as classifier.

Keywords: Human Activity Recognition(HAR), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), feature extraction, classification, etc

Pages: 166 - 170 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-35

49. STUDY OF DIFFERENT CONTROLLER’S PERFORMANCE FOR A REAL TIME NON-LINEAR SYSTEM

Authors: ASHWIN RATHORE , DEEPANSHU SONI , M. KALYAN CHAKRAVARTHI , MOHIT GAGRANI

Abstract: The remarkable growth in the control mechanisms has been evidently seen in the last two decades. The controller Design has always been an important concern. In this paper we have chosen a real time Single Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (SSTLLS) for our investigation. The real time system is chosen to model the non-linear spherical system. This paper deals with the modeling of identified system in Simulink. System identification of this nonlinear process is done using black box model, which is identified to be nonlinear and approximated to be a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. A proportional and integral controller is designed in Simulink and various tuning methods including, Skogestad’s, Ziegler Nicolas(ZN) , Cheng and Hung(CH), and SIMC PID(SPD) are implemented. The paper will provide details about the implementation of the controller, and compare the results of PI tuning methods used

Keywords: Single Spherical Tank Liquid Level System (SSTLLS), PI Controller, Simulink, LabVIEW

Pages: 171 - 175 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-36

50. DESIGN A STANDALONE PV SOLAR UMBRELLA

Authors: PARAMJEET SINGH JAMWAL , RAJEEV KUMAR

Abstract: This paper presents a generalized idea of a solar application by an umbrella, which has powered by solar radiation. This umbrella used a solar panel which has a several advantages, and provide a ample surface for mounted the panels, its design to allow the exposure of sunlight and conveniently portable. The solar powered umbrella has uses of providing shades for the user making outdoor experience more enjoyable

Keywords: Component Generalized umbrella structure, Solar panel

Pages: 176 - 178 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-37

51. HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR FUTURE

Authors: AMAN JAIN , FAISAL KAMRAN

Abstract: Electrochemical and other process industries frequently vent or flare hydrogen by products to the atmosphere. The cleanliness of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. Implementing hydrogen-powered fuel cells on a significant scale, however requires major advances in hydrogen production, storage, and use. Splitting water renewably offers the most plentiful and climate-friendly source of hydrogen and can be achieved through electrolytic, photochemical, or biological means Also summarized are the fundamental principles of fuel cell thermodynamics and of fuel cell power plant engineering. Throughout the paper, current and future perspectives regarding thermodynamics and sustainable development are considered.

Keywords: Hydrogen;energy;fuel-cell;thermodynamics; sustainable development;energy conversion.

Pages: 179 - 187 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-38

52. PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN BY SPEC-UV-VISIBLE SOFTWARE TECHNIQUE

Authors: CHARU , RAJAN CHAUDHARY

Abstract: Spectral analysis of the isomers of curcumin was studied using Spec-UV Software, for peak picking, graphics printout, Absorbance ratio calculation for selected wavelengths which included MPU Software Platform/Spec UV software workstation and spectral bandwidth of 2nm. Turmeric, a food additive, which has a main component curcumin, has shown surprisingly beneficial effects in experimental studies in the diseases characterized by an inflammatory effects. Several natural substances have greater antioxidant effects, including and curcumenoids. The extract of the curcumin was prepared and chemical tests were performed with structural analysis. The pharmacological properties as antioxidant effects were studied.

Keywords: Spec-UV software, curcumin, antioxidant

Pages: 188 - 191 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-39

53. PATH LOSS ANALYSIS USING AWAS ELECTROMAGNETIC CODE FOR WIMAX AT 2300 MHZ

Authors: CHHAYA DALELA , RAHUL JAIN , RAHUL NAMAWAT

Abstract: Propagation Modeling is required to provide a reliable and efficient planning of cellular network. In this Study, various propagation models like COST-231 Hata, ECC SUI are used to compute the path loss for WiMAX at 2.3 GHz in dense urban and sub urban environment. AWAS Numerical Method compares the path loss with these empirical models. The Path Loss by AWAS Code is appeared as very high because of the regular variations in Near Field Distribution at 2.3 GHz. It can be controlled by allowing the Near field distribution with a limited height of base stations.

Keywords: Path Loss Exponent, Propagation Models, WiMAX, , Near field distribution

Pages: 192 - 195 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-130

54. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF JITTER IN ON-DEMAND AND TABLE-DRIVEN MANET PROTOCOL

Authors: SONI GUPTA

Abstract: Jitter is undesired deviation from periodicity of an assumed periodic in Electronics and telecommunication often in relation to reference clock source. The observation of jitter can be characteristics of frequency of successive pulse, signal amplitude or phase of periodic signal. Jitter period is the interval between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristics that varies regularly with time. Jitter may be caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk with carriers of other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker, affect the performance of processors in personal computers, introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and loss of transmitted data between network devices. The amount of tolerable jitter depends on the affected application. Thus jitter has important role in designing all routing protocols for MANET.

Keywords: Jitter, Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector(AODV), Dynamic Source Routing(DSR) ,Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Protocol.

Pages: 196 - 199 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-40

55. SIMULATION OF STATOR ORIENTED VECTOR CONTROLLED DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR FOR HARNESSING WIND ENERGY EFFECTIVELY

Authors: CHIRAG VADALIYA , AMIT N PATEL , VINOD PATEL

Abstract: Wind energy plays an increasingly important role in the world because it is friendly to the environment and limitless. During the last decades, the concept of a variable-speed wind turbine (WT) has been receiving increasing attention due to the fact that it is more controllable, efficient, and has good power quality. In order to most effectively utilize the wind energy and improve the efficiency of wind generation system an optimum control strategy of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) is proposed. This paper presents a stator flux oriented vector control strategy for a 2MW/690V doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy generation system to control the rotor side converter to control the active and reactive power and grid side converter control to maintain dc link voltage constant.

Keywords: CHIRAG VADALIYA

Pages: 200 - 204 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-41

56. A PERTURB AND OBSERVE BASED SOLAR MPPT SYSTEM FOR STAND-ALONE APPLICATIONS

Authors: K. VIJITH , KUMARESH.V , MRIDUL MALHOTRA , RAMAKRISHNA N , SARAVANA PRABU.R

Abstract: Solar energy can be projected to be beneficial only when used to its full potential. The power obtained from the solar panel can be maximized by operating it under Maximum Power Point (MPP). Of various MPP tracker algorithms, Perturb and Observe (P&O) is the standard. Though easier in implementation, P&O drifts from MPP in fast changing atmospheric conditions. This paper proposes a P & O based MPPT algorithm which has improves the dynamic performance of P&O algorithm. The output power of the solar panel is used for tracking MPP thus reducing the complexity of the algorithm. This paper presents a battery charger system using buck converter. Here a microcontroller dsPIC30F4011 is used as MPPT controller to efficiently charge the lead acid battery from solar panel. The proposed charger system is economical and is appropriate for domestic applications. Analytical results shows significant increase in power harnessed from solar panel using the proposed algorithm.

Keywords: Perturb and Observe algorithm, MPPT system, Stand-alone, Battery

Pages: 205 - 210 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-42

57. DESIGN OF MEANDERED PIFA ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION

Authors: AKHILESH VERMA , GARIMA SAINI

Abstract: A novel multiband planar inverted-F antenna with meander line and slots applied on the radiating patch has been introduced. The proposed structure consist of rectangular meander line on radiating patch which reduce the size and improve the characteristics of antenna as compared to conventional PIFA. The antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate which is cheap and easily available with ground plane dimension of 70x40x1.5676 mm3 and radiating meandered patch has dimension 40x20 with height 4 mm above the substrate. . The antenna is covering mobile WiMAX (2.7161-2.8640 GHz) band, broadband wireless application or fixed/mobile application (3.7499-3.8470 GHz) band and x-band (8-12 GHz), is suitable for weather radar, and some communications satellites.

Keywords: PIFA, Meander Line, Return loss, Multiband, Gain

Pages: 211 - 213 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-43

58. MINIMIZATION OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION IN MULTILEVEL INVERTER OUTPUT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CONTROLLER

Authors: ABHISHEK SONI , MANISH THUKRAL

Abstract: This Paper aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different cascaded multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Large electric drives and utility require advanced power electronics converter to meet high power demands. As a result, multilevel power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter not only achieves high power ratings but also improves the performance of the whole system in terms of harmonics, dv/dt stresses and stresses in the bearing of the motor. Despite of various advantages seen in multilevel inverter the total harmonic distortion has always been a matter of concern. In the presented work a neural network based model is proposed for reducing the total harmonics distortion from multilevel inverter output. For this neural network is trained to perform selective harmonic elimination. The training data is obtained by solving non-linear equation obtained from selective harmoni

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multilevel Inverter, Selective harmonics elimination PWM (SHEPWM), Neural Network.

Pages: 214 - 218 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-44

59. EMULATION OF A LOW POWER WIND TURBINE USING DC MOTOR MECHANICALLY COUPLED TO SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR IN MATLAB- SIMULINK

Authors: KIRAN , SIRDEEP SINGH

Abstract: Wind poses dynamic characteristic and its speed changes constantly which affects the power generation through a Wind turbine continuously. To get a solution to this problem initially a Wind turbine Emulator for Wind Energy conversion system using a Separate Excited DC motor was built then it was mechanically coupled to the Synchronous Generator. The strategy control was implemented in simulation using Matlab/Simulink. The developed model provides a constant output torque despite the varying wind speed which ranges from the wind turbine “rated wind speed” up to the “cut-out wind speed” .It was achieved by maintaining the torque of the wind turbine to the set-point using Pitch angle control technique which comprises of an Integral controller and a switch .The output torque of the Wind turbine was fed to DC motor which rotates with a speed set as reference. Each cycle of simulation consisted of five input of varying wind speed .A constant output torque was obtained as against the torque s

Keywords: DC motor ,PI Controller, pitch angle control speed control ,wind power generation ,wind turbine , wind turbine emulation

Pages: 219 - 223 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-45

60. ELECTROSTATIC DEVICES FOR MATERIAL HANDLING

Authors: M SREEKUMAR , S G PONNAMBALAM , K H KOH

Abstract: This paper presents the investigation on electrostatic devices for material handling purpose. Few example of the device is tested for work piece attachment. It is shown that the adhesive force is at a useful level to hold a small work piece. The experiment also confirms the qualitative advantages of electrostatic adhesion, such as fast attachment, low power consumption, high force to mass ratio, and easy detachment. It also works on non-conductive work piece with fairly rough surface. Further actuating the electrostatic devices at higher voltage shows that only within a certain voltage level the F - V relation is quadratic as predicted by the parallel capacitor model. Beyond this range, saturation of output force is observed.

Keywords: electrostatic devices, material handling

Pages: 224 - 228 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-99

61. POWER AND DELAY OPTIMIZATION OF 1 BIT FULL ADDER USING MTCMOS TECHNIQUE

Authors: GAURAV SONI , SONAM GOUR , SWATI S.KUMAR

Abstract: In this paper, a 28T full adder using MTCMOS technique design is proposed. Combinational logic has extensive applications in quantum computing, low power VLSI design and optical computing. Reducing power dissipation is one of the most principle subjects in VLSI design today. The subthreshold leakage current becomes a large component of total power dissipation. Low- power design techniques proposed to minimize the active leakage power in nanoscale CMOS very large scale integration (VLSI) systems. In this paper the active power and delay of full adder is analyzed with or without MTCMOS. The power and delay evaluation has been carried out using extensive simulation on the HSPICE circuit simulator. The simulation results are based on 32nm and 45nm Berkeley Predictive Technology Model (BPTM). By using MTCMOS technique in full adder a reduction is observed in the active power is 98.3% in 32nm and 99.1% in 45nm. The reduction in the delay is the 21% for sum output and 25% for carry output in

Keywords: Full Adder, low power, CMOS circuits, MTCMOS, Subthreshold leakage current, simulation

Pages: 229 - 232 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-100

62. MODEL BASED DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL STRATEGY FOR FUEL INJECTION MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CODE GENERATION

Authors: G. SASIKALA , M. SIVAKUMAR , R. SRIDHAR , VP. ARVIND RAJ

Abstract: Conventionally, the control strategy of a Fuel Injection Management system is created in the form of hand written Embedded C codes; this cannot be understood by the personnel of other disciplines working on the system. In this paper, the methods to implement model based design for the same control strategy along with production code generation has been discussed, along with the benefits of the model based design adaptation

Keywords: Model Based Design; Auto Code Generation; Legacy Code Tool; Fuel Injection Management.

Pages: 233 - 237 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-101

63. ENHANCED ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS (EOPV)

Authors: PIYUSH PALLAV , PRASHANT DWIVEDI , SHISHIR RAJ SINGH

Abstract: Solar energy is renewable, eco-friendly and found in abundance. If optimized properly, it can fulfill the energy requirements of contemporary world. At present, the efficiency of Silicon based solar cells lies between 10-15% and also it is not cost effective. Due to certain limitations of Si-based solar cells researchers are moving towards an alternative i.e. Organic Semiconductors. Organic Semiconductors possess properties like good electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, optical absorption, photoluminescence, easy and cheap manufacturing etc. In this paper, we aim to design a solar cell that intercepts most of the energy spectrum of sunlight and converts it into electricity efficiently. After having a detailed study of latest researches and analyzing the properties of many substances, we created a theoretical model of polymer based solar cell. The model uses aluminum studs at the interface and Bulk-Heterojunction of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Organic polymer- P

Keywords: Enhanced Organic Photovoltaics (EOPV), Organic Semiconductors, Aluminum studs, Bulk Heterojunction, Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), Organic Polymer- Poly Butylene Terephthalate (OPPBT), Excitons, Photocurrent

Pages: 238 - 242 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-102

64. AN ANFIS POWERED INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS POWER FOR A DOMESTIC LOAD BY HARNESSING MAXIMUM ENERGY FROM THE SOLAR AND WIND SOURCE.

Authors: A.ARULPRAKASH , MURALI M , R.ARULMOZHIYAL

Abstract: This paper intends in developing an integrated system to give energy for a domestic load continuously by extracting maximum energy from the renewable sources like wind and solar. This system can be designed according to the size of the domestic loads and the availability of the renewable sources. The applications of soft switching techniques like ANFIS in power semiconductor devices enable us to maximize the extraction of energy from the renewable sources. The system can be energized by the integrated power of solar and wind power or grid power .The difficulties related to the integration of renewable energy or grid energy with the domestic load are investigated by a simulation model of the entire system. The main focuses of this investigation on this work are in the extraction of maximum power from the solar and wind sources and make them to use for the domestic purposes and thereby reducing the utilization of power from the grid which are generally being powered by the non renewable

Keywords: solar and wind power, bridge converter, utility grid, ANFIS, programmable relay

Pages: 243 - 247 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-104

65. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF A SIMPLE SWEEPING ALGORITHM AND CONTROL OF A FLOOR TRAVERSING ROBOT

Authors: ABHIDIPTA MALLIK , KOTA SOLOMON RAJU , PRAMOD KUMAR TANWAR

Abstract: Robotics Technology is the latest miraculous application of engineering science that has ushered a revolution in various fields of modern day world namely industry, medical field, space and household domain and it aims at the betterment of life. This paper attempts to address one such household chores with the intention of reducing our labor and time. The paper has mainly two parts. First part is an algorithm of obstacle detection, obstacle avoidance and an efficient floor traversing mechanism. This algorithm can have many applications like ground scanning, collecting items from floor, surface painting, floor cleaning. Second part illustrates one such application- dusting the surface

Keywords: ultrasonic sensors, obstacle avoidance, domestic robot

Pages: 248 - 252 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-105

66. OPTIMIZATION OF EXCAVATOR SPROCKET AND IT'S VALIDATION BY TEST RIG CONCEPT

Authors: PRASHANT DESHPANDE , SHRIKANT PHADATARE , SWAPNIL GHODAKE

Abstract: In an excavator, a sprocket is a toothed wheel that engages with a chain or track to transmit rotary motion. Sprocket, track and idler form an assembly to cause the motion of excavator. Optimization is a methodology of making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible to maximize productivity or minimize waste. In this paper, sprocket weight optimization is done with reducing material to get optimized design which can perform well under torque condition keeping same constraints. For this purpose, an FEM tool is used for analyzing existing and optimized sprocket with different types of FEA techniques. Strain Gauging is done for correlation with FEA virtual strain to confirm the loadings. Conceptual Test rig is proposed to validate the optimized sprocke

Keywords: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-80

Pages: 253 - 256 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-80

67. DETECTION OF NONLINEARITY IN STRUCTURES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Authors: A.RAMA MOHAN RAO , J.PRAWIN

Abstract: Presence of nonlinearity in the structure can affect the global dynamic behavior. Hence detection of nonlinearity has a greater significance in the context of structural health monitoring. In this paper we present a technique based on principal component analysis for detecting the presence of nonlinearity in the structure. The angle between response subspaces is taken as a feature to detect nonlinearity. The major advantages of the proposed technique is that it uses only acceleration time history data and can be used with ambient vibration data, which is ideally suited for civil structures. Numerical simulation studies have been carried out using a cantilever beam with nonlinear cubic stiffness attachment. Studies presented in this paper clearly indicate that the proposed technique is robust.

Keywords: principal components, subspace angle

Pages: 257 - 260 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-50

68. EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON TOUGHNESS OF LOW CARBON STEEL

Authors: AMIT KUMAR TANWER , FARAZ KHAN

Abstract: Mostly steel are heat treated under controlled sequence of heating and cooling to modify mechanical properties to meet desired requirements of engineering applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different annealing temperature on the impact toughness of low carbon steel grade Fe-415D. Sample of steel was purchased from local market. The steel samples were heat treated (annealed) in electric muffle furnace at different temperature level and holding times and then cooled in furnace. The toughness properties of the heat treated and untreated samples were determined using impact testing machine. Results showed that toughness properties of steel can be changed and improved by annealing heat treatment process

Keywords: Annealing, Toughness, Izod Testing machine, Muffle Furnace

Pages: 261 - 264 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-51

69. EFFECT OF CR2O3 AND TIN COATINGS ON 13CR-4NI TURBINE BLADE MATERIAL BY HVOF PROCESS

Authors: ARUN NEGI , S.S.SAMANT , VIRENDRA SINGH RANA

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the effect of Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on 13Cr-4Ni turbine blade material by high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process in order to improve its wear characteristic, erosion and corrosion behavior and other mechanical properties. In the present paper studies carried out by various investigators has been discussed. Based on the literature survey various theoretical, and case studies have been discussed with some remedial measures suggested by various investigators. On the basis of several papers we gone through, we are going to compare the above mentioned properties with and without coatings and also find that the coating done by HVOF process can reduce the silt erosion problem in hydro turbine at a certain level.

Keywords: HVOF,Cr₂O₃ and TiN coatings, silt erosion.

Pages: 265 - 267 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-52

70. EFFECT OF NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTION ON R/C ASYMMETRIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURES

Authors: PRITHWISH KUMAR DAS , SUBHAYAN BHAUMIK

Abstract: It is well established by different seismic damage surveys conducted all over the world that the asymmetric structures are more susceptible to seismic damage than their symmetric counterparts. Moreover, it is also pointed out by a number of previous research effort that such damage in asymmetric structures is more aggravated in R/C structures due to progressive strength and stiffness degradation of R/C structural elements. Community structures like auditoriums generally have load resisting elements distributed only near the boundary region of the structures leaving a large empty space at the central region. Seismic behaviour of such type of R/C asymmetric systems are investigated in a limited form (Dutta, 2001) considering only spectrum consistent far field ground excitations. However, study of such systems under near-fault ground excitations are also of great importance as there may be a huge gathering of people inside an auditoriums and amount of energy input to the structural system

Keywords: stiffness degradation, strength deterioration, torsional response

Pages: 268 - 272 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-53

71. HEALTH MONITORING AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT BY PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF FRAMED STRUCTURES FROM STATIC RESPONSES

Authors: JAYDEEP CHOWDHURY , PRIYABRATA GUHA

Abstract: Structural damage assessment of framed structure utilizing a sensitivity based parameter identification method is presented in this paper. A subset of applied static forces and subset of measured strains are used to identify the elemental stiffness parameters of all or a portion of a finite element model of the structure. Here we developed a method for parameter estimation of linear elastic structures using static strain measurements, preserving structural connectivity and determines the changes in cross-sectional properties, including large changes or elemental failure for stable structures. To linearize the associated non linear problem a first order Taylor series expansion is used as an iterative scheme. The algorithm automatically adjusts the structural element stiffness parameters in order to improve the comparison between a measured and theoretical response in an optimal way. In this study we have artificially generated the required measured input. The identified cross-sectional

Keywords: Finite element model; Static strain Measurement; Damage detection;Error elimination;

Pages: 277 - 282 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-55

72. PARAMETRIC STUDY ON PILE WALL USED AS RETENTION SYSTEM FOR DEEP EXCAVATIONS

Authors: CHAVDA JITESH , SOLANKI C. H

Abstract: Inadequate space in urban area has set forth a challenging trend to go deeper into the ground, and increase the space required for providing public amenities, parking space and for housing utilities. Closely spaced structures in the vicinity of excavation, soft and compressible landfills, presence of underground utilities, and restriction of lateral ground movements have made the supporting systems a formidable task to execute [3]. Deep excavations are supported by systems like conventional retaining walls, sheet pile walls, braced walls, diaphragm walls and pile walls. In urban areas noise and vibration creating supporting systems are avoided and hence Pile wall can be used effectively. In this work, numerical modelling of Pile Wall using PLAXIS – 3D is conducted in order to carry out parametric studies, effect of stage wise excavation on ground and pile wall deformation.

Keywords: Deep excavations, Pile wall, FEM analysis

Pages: 283 - 287 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-56

73. FLAPCOPTER-FFB

Authors: KARISHMAA.S.IYER , NIKHILESH LOKNATH

Abstract: This project aims at the development of a bio-mimetic propulsion mechanism for a Flapping Wing Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV), with the addition of tilt rotors in the design for stability. The purpose of this design is to benefit the surveillance system of our country during disaster, combat and spying missions. A key benefit of flapping wing flight is low frequency wing flapping, enabling very quiet flight relative to propeller-driven aircraft. The aerodynamic and kinematic pattern of hummingbirds, bats, insects and small birds are summarized. Based on this review several different concepts of mechanisms for flapping wings are generated, which are separated for the flapping motion and the pitching motion. The specifications of the tilt rotors are studied. This artificial bird will be the size of approximately 1000 grams. This artificial bird has two levels, ground level consisting of a pair of tilt rotors, first level consisting of a pair of wings and the last level consisting of th

Keywords: Flapping wing mechanism, Machine design and dynamics, MEMS, Safety and risk assessment, Tilt rotors.

Pages: 288 - 292 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-57

74. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING STUDY OF FEW NOVEL OXYGEN STEELMAKING PROCESSES

Authors: DEBASISH CHATTERJEE

Abstract: Emulsification of slag and metal is very important for removal of carbon from liquid steel melt. The volume of fluid method (VOF) has been used to see the interaction of oxygen slag and metal in oxygen steelmaking process. Simultaneously discrete phase model (DPM) was used to judge the effect of iron ore addition during steelmaking process. The effect of both bottom purging as well as without bottom purging condition was judged through computational fluid dynamics model. Lastly a novel metallurgical reactor was developed which will be highly potential to create rapid mixing of melt, slag, lime, scrap and oxygen.

Keywords: Oxygen steelmaking, Novel Process, Iron Oxide, Induction Stirring, Emulsification

Pages: 293 - 298 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-58

75. COMPARATIVE CROP WATER ASSESSMENT USING CROPWAT

Authors: N.K.TIWARI , PRITHA BANIK , SUBODH RANJAN

Abstract: This paper investigates the potential of CROPWAT to model the crop water assessment using field data. A dataset consisting of 2007 to 2011 each for maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hour, wind speed and rainfall data taken from CSSRI (Central Soil Salinity Research Institute), Karnal, Haryana and MC (Meteorological Centre), Dehradun, Uttarakhand for the plain and hilly region were used for this analysis. Besides, information on crop and soil were collected from different literature review. Results obtained by CROPWAT model were compared between plain and hilly region for rice and wheat crop to meet the irrigation demand of crops. Results were found that reference evapotranspiration of rice and wheat crop is more for the plain region as compared to the hilly region while crop evapotranspiration of rice crop is more for the hilly region as compared to plain region and for wheat crop it is more for the plain region as compared to the hilly region. Irrig

Keywords: CROPWAT model, reference and crop evapotranspiration, irrigation requirement.

Pages: 299 - 307 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-59

76. MODELLING OF RESERVOIR INDUCED EARTHQUAKE USING RELEVANCE VECTOR MACHINE

Authors: KINGSHUK MISRA , SHIVAM MATHUR

Abstract: In large reservoirs, the water column alters in-situ stress state along an existing fault or fracture. The load of the water column is often so intense that it can significantly change the stress state leading to induced seismicity. Various empirical and calculative techniques are in place to predict the probable occurrence and magnitude of such seismic variations. This paper utilizes the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) approach for prediction of Magnitude (M) of reservoir induced earthquake. RVM is developed in probabilistic framework. It produces sparse solution. RVM uses two input parameters namely depth of the reservoir and the other being a comprehensive parameter representing reservoir geometry for prediction of M.

Keywords: reservoir–induced seismicity, relevance vector machine, radial basis function, Gaussian prior distribution, kernel function

Pages: 308 - 311 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-60

77. REDUCTION IN RUFFLEDNESS IN USHA MARTIN LTD. RANCHI

Authors: MANOJ PAL , PRAVOD KUMAR , PYARE LAL

Abstract: Manufacturing industry is the backbone of economy of nation. Due to globalization there is stiff competitions in the industry for producing the quality products with reduce cost and increase quality level. As USHA MARTIN is the manufacturing company of wire and wire rope, therefore number of manufacturing process occurs like as pickling, patenting, galvanizing, ,wire drawing ,stranding. During the pickling process the cleaning and phosphate coating process occurs on the rod. During the patenting and galvanizing process heat treatment and zinc coating process occurs. During the wire drawing process first fall out occurs. Wire breakage and ruffledness these two are the major reason of first fall out. Wire breakage is simple breaking of wire during the wire drawing process when machine is running. Ruffledness is non uniform layering of wire in the spool or bobbin. These two play major role in reduction in production, scrap and financial loss of company. On average the loss due to ruffledn

Keywords: Bobbin, Galvanizing, Ruffledness, Wire drawing, wire breakage

Pages: 312 - 315 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-61

78. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TOUGHNESS PROPERTY OF FIBER REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (FRSCC)

Authors: KAKULA SASIDHAR , V VASUGI

Abstract: The objective of this work is to investigate the toughness property of the fiber reinforced self compacting concrete (FRSCC) through experimental studies. In this work, different (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) percent of steel fibers are added by volume of concrete and (0.5% & 1.0%) percent of poly-propylene are added by mass of binding material. To achieve the self compacting concrete (SCC) mix design has been done according to the EFNARC guidelines. The limitations also achieved according to the European guidelines. By using different types of fibers the toughness property of the FRSCC has been studied. To find the toughness of FRSCC the JSCE SF-4 method is used. It has been observed that the toughness increased with increase in percentage (%) of fibers up to 1.5%. While, increase in percentage (%) fiber content beyond 1.5% resulted in lower toughness for the steel fibers. It give the only the limitation of steel fiber for SCC is up to 1.5% of volume of concrete. The comparative study al

Keywords: JSCE SF-4, Poly-propylene fiber, Steel fiber, Self compacting concrete, toughness property

Pages: 316 - 320 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-62

79. DOUBLE LAP SHEAR AND PEEL PROPERTIES OF RIGID FOAM CORE GLASS/EPOXY SKIN SANDWICH COMPOSITES WITH DIFFERENT FOAM DENSITIES

Authors: CHAVA UDAY , PADMANABHAN K , RAMYA M , SURESH E

Abstract: The focus of current investigation is on adhesively bonded joints of glass/epoxy skin- rigid unfilled thermoset foam core material sandwich composite structures to study their shear failure properties. Rigid foam cores of Polyurethane (PUF) or Polyisocyanurate (PIR) of four different densities – 64,125,250 and 500 kg/m3 were used with uniform thicknesses. Plain weave glss fabric and a room temperature epoxy GY 257 withA140 hardener were used for the skin design. The lap shear and peel test specimens were prepared by vacuum bagging technique. The double lap shear properties were compared with the single lap shear properties evaluated earlier and a detailed comparative analysis was made on the influence of different foam densities and their adhesion to the skin on the failure behaviour of otherwise i

Keywords: Sandwich composites, Double lap shear test, Peel test, PUF, PIR, Failure analysis

Pages: 321 - 325 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-63

80. INFLUENCE OF FOAM DENSITIES AND SPAN TO DEPTH RATIOS ON THE FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF RIGID POLYISOCYANURATE FOAM-GLASS FABRIC/EPOXY SANDWICH COMPOSITES

Authors: PADMANABHAN K , RAMYA M , SURESH E , VISHAKH V

Abstract: The experimental investigation here focuses on the study of flexural and shear properties of sandwich composites. Rigid unfilled thermoset Polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam is used as the core material and glass fabric reinforced epoxy based laminates are used as the outer skin layers of the sandwich. PIR foams with densities of 125kg/m3 and 250kg/m3 are used for the study. Skin to core weight ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 were maintained for the panels fabricated separately with the vacuum bagging technique. Specimens with varying span to depth ratios of 16:1, 12:1 and 6:1 were tested using an Instron UTM machine. The investigation follows a three-point bending test method carried out for finding bending strength, flexure rigidity, shear deflection, shear stress, shear strain etc. The test results were compared and analyzed in depth to find the influence of the core density and span to depth ratios on the flexural and shear properties of the sandwich composite. Useful conclusions have been drawn ba

Keywords: Rigid polyisocyanurate foam, Flexural properties, Sandwich composites, Foam Density, Span to depth ratios.

Pages: 326 - 330 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-64

81. FREE VIBRATION MODE SHAPE ANALYSIS OF SPACE FRAME CHASSIS OF A SPORTS CAR BASED ON FEA

Authors: ANISH ANAND , HIMANSHU JAISWAL , ASHWANI KUMAR , PRAVIN P PATIL

Abstract: The main objective of this research work is to find the mode shape and corresponding natural frequency of a space frame chassis. Finite element analysis is used to find the mode shape and frequency. In order to simplify the analysis process only chassis frame of a sports car has been considered and complex assemblies has been avoided. CATIA V5 has good modeling features with lots of facilities for design. The model of space frame chassis has been prepared in CATIA V5. For analysis FEA based software ANSYS 14.5 has been used. The body shape is fixed and it is not subjected to any change in design parameters for the present study. The frame consist of 95 body parts and it is divided in three major parts known as boot space, driver cabin and engine chamber. The engine chamber can accommodate variety of engines without major change. The results shows that the frequency range varies from (130.49- 228.48) Hz.

Keywords: Chassis, FEA, Modal frequency, Mode Shape, ANSYS.

Pages: 331 - 333 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-65

82. MODE SHAPE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF TRUCK TRANSMISSION HOUSING BASED ON FEA

Authors: HIMANSHU JAISWAL , ASHWANI KUMAR , PRAVIN P PATIL

Abstract: The main objective of this research work is to find the natural frequency and mode shape of truck transmission housing. Truck transmission housing or gearbox transmission casing is subjected to vibration induced by the excitation forces transmitted to the casing through bearings. So it is required to find the natural frequency for the accurate prediction of housing life and prevent it from fracture. Housing is made of various materials like cast iron and Al alloys. In present few composites are also available for the manufacturing of casing. The vibration analysis of transmission housing was performed by finite element simulation using ANSYS 14.5 software. The vibration mode shapes for first twenty modes were studied. The results show that the natural frequency of vibration varies from 1306.3 Hz to 3879 Hz. The analysis results were verified with experimental result available in literature. Solid Edge software is used for the designing of transmission housing and FEA based ANSYS 14.5 s

Keywords: Truck Transmission, Housing, FEA, Structural Steel, Natural Frequency

Pages: 334 - 338 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-66

83. COMPARISON OF ANN AND ANALYTICAL MODELS IN TRAFFIC NOISE MODELING AND PREDICTIONS

Authors: P. DHIMAN , S.K.MANGAL

Abstract: The major environmental challenges encountered by metropolitan cities now-a-days is the traffic noise besides air pollution. During urban planning, one thus needs methods/tools which can assist the designer in designing, planning and adoption of suitable measures for traffic noise abatement and control. The objective of the present work is to model traffic noise in terms of single-noise metrics LAeq, TNI and NPL. ANN has a capability to model complicated multi-variable functions and thus can model a system with more variables than that can be included in any other conventional models. The problem of traffic noise is non-linear in nature, so, a model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is suggested and compared with the analytical models in this work.

Keywords: Traffic noise, Artificial Neural Networks, Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, LAeq.

Pages: 339 - 343 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-67

84. A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL FOR URBAN TRAFFIC NOISE IN DELHI

Authors: P. DHIMAN , S.K.MANGAL

Abstract: This paper reviews the strategies so far recommended for modeling road traffic noise in India. An analytical model is developed to predict road traffic noise for busy roads of Delhi, India. Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, LAeqT is analyzed at different busy road locations of Delhi. A multiple linear regression analysis is conducted to predict the noise metrics LAeq, TNI and NPL in terms of traffic flow rate, percentage of heavy vehicles, and average traffic speeds. The model so developed is validated with actual experimental data.

Keywords: Traffic noise, Equivalent continuous sound pressure level, LAeqT, Traffic Noise Index, TNI.

Pages: 344 - 348 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-68

85. ATKINSON-STIRLING ENGINE

Authors: PARITOSH RUSTOGI , RAHUL CHHABRA , SHIVANG BATRA

Abstract: In Atkinson engine, residual heat in the form of exhaust is quite a fraction of the energy produced in the combustion of gasoline. With an ever increasing demand for fossil fuels depleting their reserves to their limit, there is an inherent need for better engines which can utilize residual heat. ATKINSON-STIRLING ENGINE can be the solution to this problem. The heat exchanged with the refrigeration system in which R-12 is the working fluid is used to power the Stirling engine; however gasoline is used for the initiation of the process. We intend to make normal gasoline powered engine more efficient, green and cheaper in the long run

Keywords: Atkinson Engine, Stirling Engine, R-12, Thermal Sensor, Vapour compression.

Pages: 349 - 355 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-69

86. APPLICATIONS OF PANTOGRAPH

Authors: PARITOSH RUSTOGI

Abstract: Is paper intends to give proposal and reasoning for various applications where a pantograph mechanism can be utilized to obtain a simpler machine with high accuracy. A pantograph is an old mechanism and is widely used in electrical locomotives to transfer electricity from catenary lines. It consist of 5 linkages forming parallelogram, each of the link is connected with the help of pin joint in order to form a revolute pair. Its only function is to imitate an enhanced or dwindle image of the geometry it traces. By this virtue, it can be installed with some modifications in various machines to ease the complexity of these machines and their costs. Individual modelling and motion analysis in solidworks of these mechanism is also in the scope of this paper, but due to redundancy of same kind of results only some results are shown. Analysis is done by using three types of pantograph, so that all three same outputs can vouch for feasibility of application.

Keywords: pantograph

Pages: 356 - 361 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-70

87. AERO-GASOLINE ENGINE

Authors: BODDAPATI VENKATESH , DHARANIKOTA RAJESH , THOTA JAI TEJA

Abstract: As the world is hard pressed with the energy and fuel crises, compounded by pollution of all kinds, any technology that brings out the solution to this problem is considered as a bounty. In one of such new technologies, is the development of a new engine called as “Aero-Gasoline Engine”, which can use either of the fuel, air or Gasoline. This reduces consumption of fossil fuels which inturn solves the pollution problem.The cost of fuel is also drastically decreases as well the maintenance cost of the engine comes down.

Keywords: air mixture, introduced, intake, manifold

Pages: 362 - 366 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-71

88. MODEL STUDIES ON SCP REINFORCED RECONSTITUTED KAOLIN CLAY

Authors: A. JUNEJA , B. A. MIR

Abstract: The physical properties of clay are of extreme importance in soil engineering and are largely controlled by reactions in which clay plays a leading part. Kaolin clay has been widely used both in fundamental studies of soil behavior and in physical model tests. In this paper, compression and shear behavior of reconstituted consolidated kaolin clay specimen reinforced with sand compaction pile (SCP) is examined by using consolidated undrained triaxial tests. The aim of this study is to study the behavior of soft cohesive soil reinforced with different diameter SCPs by observing the change in pore pressure during consolidation and undrained shear strength of the composite ground with/without smear. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of soft kaolin clay can be tremendously improved with this ground improvement technique

Keywords: Reconstituted, SCP, pore pressure, smear

Pages: 367 - 371 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-72

89. EVALUATION OF FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH FACTORS LEADING TO DIABETES : AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Authors: T.SHEOREY , U.KUMAR

Abstract: This paper presents a novel framework for analysis of diabetes in age group of 20-40 with the help of estimation of fibrinogen concentration. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the potential and effectiveness of fibrinogen level in prediction of diabetes and its use as diagnostic tool. Different factors like body mass index (BMI), obesity, occupation, food habit, family history, stress and environmental condition are found to be responsible for diabetes. The study aims to establish correlation between the factors body mass index (BMI), obesity, occupation and food habit and their relative contribution in measuring fibrinogen concentration especially with shopkeepers and person with office job. In the present study dry clot weight method was used to measure fibrinogen level in blood samples collected from persons from varied domains. A multiple regression analysis was also carried out to correlate between various factors leading to diabetes

Keywords: Diabetes, fibrinogen, factors, correlation

Pages: 372 - 376 | DOI: DOI : 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-73

90. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 180˚ MEANDERING BEND OF BARAK RIVER NEAR SILCHAR CITY (STUDY THE FLOW STRUCTURE BY USING OF CFD)

Authors: K.M.PANDEY , R.KARTHIK , U.KUMAR

Abstract: This paper reports the three dimensional numerical simulation of 180˚ meandering bend for Barak river near Silchar city, Assam. The RNG k-ε turbulence model is used to predict the magnitude of velocity in the meandering bend. It explains the flow structure and velocity around the sharp bend that initiates the meandering process. Three dimensional CFD model were used to predict the velocity contour and velocity vectors at various sections at river bends and also at inlet and outlet sections. At the sharp curve of meandering bend at 50˚ to 70˚ the magnitude of velocity is higher in outer bank and helical flow are occurring due to which, year by year the concave bank of the sharp meandering of Barak River is getting eroded at the same time convex bank getting deposited. This also agrees with the resent image of satellite view of Barak River near Silchar town. This study will help the designer to understand the meandering at various angle of river bend to design proper river control struct

Keywords: Numerical Simulation, CFD, Barak River, 180˚ Meandering Bend.

Pages: 377 - 381 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-74

91. EFFECT OF FIBER PROPERTIES ON THE STRENGTH OF FIBER REINFORCED SOIL: A REVIEW

Authors: AKASH PRIYADARSHEE , ANIL KUMAR CHOTU , VIKAS KUMAR

Abstract: Fiber reinforcement is one of the new emerging soil reinforcement technique. Absence of weak plane is major advantage of fiber reinforcement. It is similar to the reinforcement provided by the plant of roots. Randomly distributed fibers provide interlocking and friction resistance to resist the movement of soil particles, which significantly increase the load carrying capacity. Now a days fiber reinforcement is used in the embankment, slope stabilization, pavement application. For efficient application of fiber reinforcement, proper understanding of effect of different parameters like fiber parameters and soil parameters on the behavior of fiber reinforced soil is required. In this paper brief review of the research and development for fiber reinforced soil to understand the effect of different fiber parameters based upon the experiments is presented.

Keywords: Peak stress, load carrying capacity, triaxial test, direct shear test.

Pages: 382 - 385 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-75

92. ESTIMATION OF COST FOR PRODUCING AN EXHAUST FAN THROUGH INJECTION MOULDING AND COMPARISON WITH RAPID TOOLING

Authors: B.IFTEKHAR HUSSAIN , D.L.KOMALA RAO , MIR SAFIULLA

Abstract: Injection Moulding is one of the widely used methods to produce plastic parts. Cost is one of the predominant factors that affect the selection and usage of a particular technology. This paper provides an insight on manufacturability and cost estimation for injection moulding tool required to make an exhaust fan. The cost thus arrived by conventional means is compared with the cost associated with the use of Rapid Tooling technology.

Keywords: Injection Moulding, Cost, Manufacturability, Estimation, Exhaust Fan, Rapid Tooling

Pages: 386 - 390 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-76

93. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL FOR MANUFACTURING AN EXHAUST FAN

Authors: B.IFTEKHAR HUSSAIN , D.L.KOMALA RAO , MIR SAFIULLA

Abstract: The advent of computer has brought a revolution in every field in general and the manufacturing sector in particular. Computers have been used in design, development, synthesis, analysis, tooling, manufacturing, inspection, testing etc. to name a few. Plastic parts can be produced by a variety of processes amongst which Injection moulding is the one which is popular because of its inherent advantages of producing different sizes of precision based components at a nominal cost. In this paper, the three dimensional CAD model of an exhaust fan is generated through reverse engineering concept from the point cloud data obtained from a coordinate measuring machine. From the model thus generated, an injection moulding tool is developed. The mould flow analysis is carried out using Plastic Advisor of Pro/ENGINEER 4.0.

Keywords: computer aided design, Injection moulding, Exhaust fan, numerical control code.

Pages: 391 - 394 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-77

94. FIXED – FREE VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF RIGID FOAM GLASS/EPOXY SANDWICH COMPOSITE BEAMS

Authors: MURUGAN R , PADMANABHAN K , RAMYA M

Abstract: Sandwich composites with two different thermoset unfilled rigid foam cores (Polyurethane and Polyisocynurate) and different skin to core weight ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 are considered in the present investigation. The foam is considered in sandwich composites because of its light weight structure, easy machining, high stiffness, damping and insulation capabilities. A combined experimental and finite element analysis is used to compare the vibration characteristics of these sandwich composites in a fixed free condition using the impulse hammer technique. Fabrication of the sandwich panels was done with a hand lay-up process and a vacuum bagging film based process. The machined and honed specimen beams were impacted by striking with an impulse hammer at various points. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained at a particular point of impact. Finite element analysis was carried out by means of the ANSYS 14 software for simulating the experimental conditions. Both the experimenta

Keywords: PUF (Polyurethane foam), PIR (Polyisocynurate), Sandwich composites, Hand lay-up, Vacuum bagging, Glass fabric/epoxy face sheet, Impulse hammer test, Finite Element Methods.

Pages: 395 - 399 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-78

95. USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES TO PRODUCE WORK OUTPUT FROM HELIOSTATS WITH SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVER

Authors: RAJAT VASHISHTHA

Abstract: A solar receiver system has been designed installed and tested under real conditions in the faculty of Engineering, Tula’s Institute, Dehradun. The system consists of a heliostats with a solar central receiver. The function of this arrangement is to heat the basin water in order to increase temperature and pressure thus increase the solar still productivity. The influence of coupling the heliostats with the solar central receiver is reported, especially concerning distilled water productivity. A simple transient mathematical model is presented. The model is based on analytical solution of the energy-balance equations for different parts of the model. Numerical calculations ave een arrie ut r li ati e ra un n iti ns latitu e, E longitude). It is observed that the use of the proposed solar desalination system is to improve the accumulative productivity of arrangement by up to 90% when using 28 heliostats in three circle.

Keywords: Solar energy, Solar Desalination, Heliostat, Central receiver, Solar still.

Pages: 400 - 402 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-79

96. SCC MIX DESIGN USING USER INTERFACE SOFTWARE A RELIABLE METHOD OF SCC MIX DESIGN FOR INDIAN CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS

Authors: ANSHUMAN DOGRA , RICHA BHARDWAJ

Abstract: Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing concrete mixture that is able to consolidate under its own weight. Such concrete can be used for casting heavily reinforced sections at places where there can be no access to vibrators for compaction and in complex shapes of formwork which may otherwise be impossible to cast, giving a far superior surface than conventional concrete. Various approaches for designing the mix composition of SCC have been published worldwide, however each has its own suitability and limitations. Earlier methods e.g. Ojawa, LCPC, Hwang etc. are more or less specific to certain conditions and materials. In this study, a new generalized method for Mix Design Of SCC, suitable for Indian construction conditions, is proposed and a QT Creator Based Software is developed on the basis of generalized formulated equations. QT Creator is a cross-platform C++ integrated development environment, which is used to make a user interface software for SCC mix design. The proposed m

Keywords: Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Ojawa, LCPC, Hwang, QT Creator, C++ based user interface etc.

Pages: 403 - 407 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-81

97. APPLYING SIX SIGMA PRINCIPLES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Authors: SMITA V. PATASKAR , SNEHA P. SAWANT

Abstract: Six Sigma is a Quality improvement technique that has being implemented in manufacturing and other industries. Six sigma is new to construction industry. This paper describes the basic theory of Six Sigma, principles, methodology and various tools used. A case study of a residential building is taken in which the Six Sigma principles are applied for internal finishing work, the Six Sigma methodology has been adopted to improve the quality and is checked against the sigma level. The findings suggest that proper training and management support and minor changes in current work procedure can help improve the quality and ultimately customer satisfaction which is of prime importance.

Keywords: -Quality Control; Construction industry; Construction management, DMAIC procedure

Pages: 408 - 412 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-82

98. HIGH STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT OF CONCRETE BY USING MECHANICAL ADMIXTURES

Authors: B.VAMSI KRISHNA , S M ABDUL MANNAN HUSSAIN , V. RANJITH KUMAR

Abstract: In this paper, a brief practical review is presented on two grades of concrete of which one is medium strength concrete(M40)and the other is high strength concrete(M60), containing some mineral and chemical admixtures by mass of the cementitious material. The behavior of specimens cast with medium strength concrete and high strength concrete with and without admixtures are compared with respect to ultimate strength, workability and cracking. Strength improving admixtures such as CERAPLAST-400, CERAPROOF-PXL are applied for concrete mix to develop strength.

Keywords: High strength concrete, Admixtures, Rice husk ash, Super plactizers,

Pages: 413 - 417 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-83

99. TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND STABILIZATION STUDY OF SURFACTANT MODIFIED MOS2 NANOPARTICLE IN 15W40 ENGINE OIL

Authors: JAMALE SONALI , N.SANDHYARANI , V.SAJITH

Abstract: One of the methods commonly employed for enhancing the lubricity of oil is the addition of solid lubricant nanoparticles, possessing lamella structure, in it. Even though higher concentration of nanoparticles will lead to better reduction in the friction and wear, stability of nanoparticle added oil has to be ensured to prevent the sedimentation of the nanoparticles, especially at higher temperatures. Present work mainly focuses on the stability of MoS2 nanoparticles in engine oil. MoS2 nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical synthesis method and were mixed in the engine oil (15W40), with the help of a standard ultrasonic shaker. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as surfactant to improve the stability of nanoparticle added oil. Optimum concentration of Sodium dodecyl sulfate in engine oil was determined by bubble pressure method. Stabilization study at different temperatures was done by using DLS. The properties of nanoparticle added oil such as viscosity, pour point, flash and fi

Keywords: MoS2 nanoparticles, Stability, Viscosity.

Pages: 418 - 422 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-84

100. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTING THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF AL7075-SIC METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

Authors: G B VEERESH KUMAR , PRAMOD R

Abstract: Wear is a complex phenomenon and the most important reason for the damage and consequent failure of machine parts. The dry sliding wear performance of particulate reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are being investigated by numerous researchers during the last three decades. A lot of experiments have to be conducted in order to study the wear behavior. Artificial Neural Networks help in reducing the cost of experimentation when implemented with care and enough data. In this work, wear behavior of Al7075 aluminium matrix composites reinforced with particulates has been investigated. The Al7075-SiC metal matrix composites were fabricated through liquid metallurgy process containing 2-6 wt% SiC. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted using computerized pin on disc wear testing machine. The wear properties of the composites containing SiC were better than that of the matrix material and further, the composite containing 6 wt% SiC content exhibited superior wear resist

Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Sliding Wear, Artificial Neural Networks.

Pages: 423 - 428 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-85

101. SPECTRAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR WAVE PROPAGATION PROBLEM

Authors: T. JOTHI SARAVANAN

Abstract: Wave propagation based automatic structural health monitoring techniques and the warning-alert systems are widely adopted in aerospace and nuclear industry. These techniques are however, not in a matured state of development for civil structures and are evolving. Hence research in this area is of paramount importance. This paper deals with axial wave propagation in concrete beam with structural dis-continuities. Dis-continuity (impedance mismatch) is induced in the beam by varying its cross section area along its length. Numerical simulations are performed using the spectral finite element method (SFEM) and compared with experimental studies conducted on four different concrete beams using instrumentation for Pulse echo configuration and Pitch catch configuration methods.

Keywords: Wave propagation, Spectral finite element method, damage detection

Pages: 429 - 433 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-86

102. THE FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS FABRIC/EPOXY -RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM CORE SANDWICH COMPOSITES AT DIFFERENT SPAN TO DEPTH RATIOS AND DENSITIES

Authors: PADMANABHAN K , RAMYA M , SURESH E

Abstract: The experimental studies for determining the flexural properties of thermo set rigid polyurethane unfilled foam core – glass/epoxy skin sandwich composites, are presented here. Sandwich composites were fabricated in the shape of panels by using glass fabric/epoxy as the skin material and rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) as the core. PUF materials of 125 & 250 kg/m3 foam densities with 3:1 & 4:1 skin to core weight ratios were fabricated separately using the vacuum bagging technique. The sandwich panels were tested at different span to depth ratios. The flexural properties like the bending strength, flexural rigidity, shear stress, shear deflection and shear strain were evaluated and a detailed analysis made on the influence of foam densities and different span to depth ratios on the fracture behaviour of these sandwich composites in flexure. Due comparisons have been made on the flexural behaviour with other foams also.

Keywords: Rigid polyurethane foam, Flexural properties, Sandwich composites, Foam Density, Span to depth ratio

Pages: 434 - 438 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-87

103. ANALYSIS (STRESS, STRAIN & DISPLACEMENT) AND OPTIMIZATION OF CONNECTING ROD USING ALFA SIC COMPOSITES

Authors: MANOJ KUMAR PAL , TANMOI DUTTA , WASIM AHMED

Abstract: Connecting rod is the intermediate link between the piston and the crank. And is responsible to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the crank. Generally connecting rods are manufactured using carbon steel and in recent days aluminum alloys are finding its application in connecting rod. In this work connecting rod is replaced by aluminum based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide and fly ash. And it also describes the modeling and analysis of connecting rod. First of all we made a model of connecting rod using Pro-E software with standard dimensions. FEA analysis was carried out by considering two materials, one is Aluminium-360 and another is ALFA-Sic composite. The parameter like von misses stress, von misses strain and displacement was obtained from ANSYS software. Compared to the former material the new material found to have less weight. It resulted in reduction of 46.3

Keywords: ANSYS, Composite, Connecting Rod, Fly-ash, Pro-E, Silicon Carbide.

Pages: 439 - 443 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-88

104. MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF EDM PROCESS: A FUZZY BASED APPROACH

Authors: I.SHIVAKOTI , N.LAHON , P.M.PRADHAN

Abstract: In this study Taguchi approach was used, which provides the design with a systematic and efficient method for conducting experimentation . The experiments are designed using L9 orthogonal array considering three process parameter such as, Current, Pulse-On Time, Pulse-Off Time, the response of the process such as Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Surface roughness (Ra) are considered. The experimental data used in this paper is based on the research work done by Raghuraman S et.al. The analysis of various performance criteria such as, MRR, TWR, Ra, using Taguchi method and has been done. The input-output relationship modeling has been done using Fuzzy Logic. The predicted results obtained from fuzzy logic are compared with the experimental result. Moreover the multi objective optimization has been performed using fuzzy logic

Keywords: Electro Discharge Machining; Taguchi Method; Fuzzy Logic; Prediction; Optimization

Pages: 444 - 449 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-89

105. RESPONSE OF A CURVED BRIDGE WITH ELASTOMER-BASED AND FRICTION-BASED BEARINGS

Authors: GOUTAM GHOSH , PRAVEEN KUMAR GUPTA

Abstract: Horizontally curved bridges are important in modern highway systems and those are the most viable option at complicated interchanges or river crossings where geometric restrictions and constraints of limited site space make extremely complicated the adoption of standard straight superstructures. It has been observed that in past earthquakes, most of the damages of the bridges occurred due to the failure of the bearings and substructure. Selection of isolation bearings for a curved bridge is a demanding task because of the complexity involved in curved bridges than straight bridges. In the present study, the responses of an isolated curved continuous bridge for seismic loading conditions are determined. Two types of isolation bearings viz. one elastomer-based bearing and other friction-based bearing have been considered and the efficacy of both has been investigated.

Keywords: Curved bridge, bearing, isolation, seismic

Pages: 450 - 454 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-90

106. FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF TUBLAR K-JOINT IN HSS

Authors: MANOJ PAL , ABHISHEK RAJ , GULFIRDAUSH KALAM , MANAS SRIVASTAVA

Abstract: It involves the fatigue behavior of K-Joint made of HSLA material using numerical analysis. Use of High Strength Steel instead of using normal grade steel makes the structure lighter and increases the strengths. The fatigue crack growth initiation is always observes at the chord crown toe location irrespective of the stress whether compressive or tensile. Stress distribution plays an important role in the geometry of K-Joint under fatigue stress. As observed, location around the weld has the highest hotspot stress are highest still chord crown toe are at most critical fatigue risk, hence stress investigation have to be performed. The stress in the region surrounding the weld is computed using numerical simulation and the component with the highest residual stresses are discussed.

Keywords: Fatigue, Chord crown, stress, Hotspot stress

Pages: 455 - 458 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-91

107. WHICH METHOD IS APPROPRIATE- INAFOGA OR PROBABILITY EQUILIBRIUM FOR CRITICAL GAP ESTIMATION OF U-TURN VEHICLES AT MEDIAN OPENINGS IN URBAN INDIAN CONTEXT

Authors: P.K.BHUYAN , SUPRABEET DATTA

Abstract: Over the past few years there has been increased installation of non-traversable un-signalized median openings in most of the urban regions in India. The motive behind this installation is to eliminate problems associated with illegal U-turns at intersections and other traffic facilities close to the median openings on multi-lane urban roads. Data collected for this study is in the form of video-images of six U-turn median openings on 4-lane and 6-lane roads situated in the cities of Bhubaneshwar, Rourkela and Ranchi located in the eastern part of India. This paper introduces a new concept on merging behavior of U-turn vehicles for evaluation of gaps accepted by drivers at median openings based on the “INAFOGA” method; which is further compared with the critical gap values obtained by and Macroscopic Probability Equilibrium concept for heterogeneous traffic flow in the urban region of the Indian states. IBM-SPSS 22.0 has been used to perform a paired-sample Hypothesis (t-test) between

Keywords: Critical-gap; Gap acceptance; INAFOGA; Median openings; Mixed traffic; SPSS; U-turn vehicles

Pages: 459 - 465 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-92

108. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PVD COATING ON THE PLASMA NITRIDED MILD STEEL

Authors: D G THAKUR , MOHIT K JAISWAL

Abstract: In this work, Duplex Coating (Plasma Nitriding + PVD Arc TiN coating) as well as non duplex (PVD TiN) coating has been carried out on substrate i.e. Mild Steel (MS). The substrate material was chosen because Mild steel has wide applications especially in Marine Engineering, Oil & Gas Production & Transmission industry as well it is a cost effective material. Surface Characteristics/Properties were investigated on PVD Titanium Nitride (TiN) Coated and Duplex Coated (Plasma Nitrided + PVD TiN) by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro Hardness Test and Rockwell Adhesion Test. Duplex coated samples (Plasma Nitrided + PVD TiN coated) showed better Mechanical Properties like Higher Hardness and higher Adhesion strength compared to their non-duplex (PVD TiN coated) counterparts, hence more suitable to be used in Mechanical applications.

Keywords: Duplex Coating, Plasma Nitriding (PN), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD), Microhardness, Adhesion

Pages: 466 - 469 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-93

109. CONCRETE AND CARBON NANOFIBERS

Authors: GEORGE TURNER , RYDER HENDRY , TAPSELL GERALD

Abstract: The use of nanotechnology is relatively new in civil engineering industry. Cement and concrete are weak in tension and self-monitoring capability. The modification of the cement matrix with nano particles improves the concrete properties and leads to build a better structure. Mixing of carbon-nanofiber (CNF) to concrete can improve the resistance of water penetration and also improves mechanical and electrical properties such as high Young’s modulus, improved fatigue resistance and self-monitoring behavior of concrete. In this paper, the advantages and need of nanotechnology in concrete is discusses.

Keywords: Nanoconcrete, CNF, CNT, carbon fiber, concrete

Pages: 470 - 473 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-94

110. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS OF VISCOSITY MODIFYING AGENTS ON SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

Authors: V VASUGI , ASHWIN VENKATARAMAN

Abstract: This projects aims at bringing out the role of Viscosity Modifying Agents and how various VMAs affect the properties of self-compacting concrete differently. The main reason behind this study is to find out which VMA is best suited for the particular cement being used in the manufacture of SCC. In this project, two different viscosity modifying agents are used namely Glenium Stream 2 and Rheomac VMA 358. The quantity of the VMA added is the same for both the test conditions and their properties are checked as per standard SCC tests. Comparative study is done between the test mixes and the results are drawn to bring out the more optimum VMA for the cement used. Only fresh concrete tests are done so as to attain the workability related results. There was variation in the fluidity based on the dosage of the VMA provided

Keywords: Glenium Stream 2, Rheomac VMA 358, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA) and Workability

Pages: 474 - 479 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-95

111. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SOME CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES

Authors: SABIH AKHTAR

Abstract: Use of chemical corrosion inhibitors has been recognized as one of the effective way of controlling rebar corrosion in cementitious composites. The effect of these chemicals on various physical properties of cement such as setting time, pH, and Compressive strength needs to be explored before use. In the present investigation the effect of some of the commercially available corrosion inhibitors on setting time, pH and compressive strength has been studied. In the next part of the study electrochemical test involving these chemical corrosion inhibitors were also conducted. Corrosion kinematic parameters have been estimated using potentio-dynamic polarization tests.

Keywords: Corrosion inhibitors, setting time, compressive strength, Tensile strength, corrosion rate

Pages: 480 - 485 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-96

112. MULLITE BASED THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS AND COATING TECHNIQUES

Authors: SANDEEP KUMAR , N.M SURI , RAJEEV , S. KANT

Abstract: Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have beendeveloped to protect metallic and Si-based ceramic components from high temperature environmental attack and thermal stresses in structures and machine components across a wide range of industries and applications.Zirconia-yttria based oxides and (Ba,Sr)Al2Si2O8 (BSAS)/mullite basedsilicates have been used as the coating materials. There are several thermal barriercoating techniques with a objectives of reductionof maintenance costs, increase of the working temperature, reduction of thermal loads, resistance increase to erosion and corrosion and reduction of the high temperature oxidation. Thispaper incorporates a brief review on post researches on several recent activities in the field of modern TBCs, focusing on advanced coating techniques and in addition some advances coatings materials are described.

Keywords: thermal barrier coatings, ceramic coating, mullite, APS, EB-PVD.

Pages: 486 - 491 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-97

113. OPTIMUM CONFIGURATION OF BUSBAR

Authors: ASHOK S , ASHUTOSH SONAWANE , SARVOTHTHAMA JOTHI

Abstract: Bus-bars are a vital component of electrical circuit ranging from high current to low current applications. The individual phases of busbar are found to be arranged in different configurations. They are mounted in an enclosed chamber. However the different configurations lack support in terms of standards or empirical data. As such, no particular configuration is known which is optimum or best suited. The current flowing through the busbar will lead to generation of heat due to the material resistance, which needs to be dissipated effectively. Natural convection is the only mode of heat transfer within the chamber. The inefficient heat dissipation affects the longevity of the busbar. In the present study, computational simulation of bus-bars in a closed chamber is done by using CFD tool. Comparison of the heat dissipation characteristics and temperature distribution is done for different configurations. Based upon these, the optimum configuration is identified.

Keywords: Bus-bars, configuration, natural convection, CFD, heat dissipation

Pages: 492 - 496 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-98

114. THIRD-ORDER OPTICAL NONLINEARITY OF PERMETHYLAZINE

Authors: PRAVEEN AGHAMKAR , VIJENDER SINGH

Abstract: Third-order nonlinear optical materials are needed for numerous optoelectronic device applications including self-focusing, optical limiting, optical switching and data storage. Organic materials are potential candidate as nonlinear optical materials due to their synthetic flexibility, high damage resistance and large optical nonlinearity. In this paper, we investigate third-order nonlinear optical properties of permethylazine by using single beam z-scan technique with Q-switched, frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (λ=532 nm) at 5 ns pulse. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficient(β), nonlinear refractive index (n2) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) of permethylazine were found to be , and , respectively. We found, the signature of nonlinear refractive index in permethylazine is positive, and hence, it could be used as good self-focusing material.

Keywords: Nonlinear optics; nonlinear refractive index; nonlinear absorption; nonlinear materials; z-scan.

Pages: 502 - 505 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-05-107

115. STUDY OF OPTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF POLYPYRROLE DOPED POLYVINYLCHLORIDE FILMS

Authors: DEEPTI TRIPATHI , VAISHALI BHAVSAR

Abstract: The aim of the present work is concerned with the study of the optical behavior of Polypyrrole doped Polyvinylchloride films at different concentrations of Polypyrrole. .The samples are casted as films. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties of these films are evaluated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The XRD spectra showed the amorphous nature of the films. SEM studies revealed a uniform granular structure of PPy. From UV- VIS spectra optical band gap of the films has been calculated using the Tauc’s relation and variations in the values of optical band gap with the variation of percentage concentration of PPy in PVC and have been found to vary from 2.3 to 4.1 ev. The band tail width of localized states has been calculated using Urbach’s relation

Keywords: Polypyrrole, Polyvinylchloride,Optical band gap,Urbach energy.

Pages: 506 - 510 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-05-108

116. VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES BASED MICRO-SENSOR FOR ALCOHOL DETECTION

Authors: GEETIKA MATHUR , O P SINHA , U DHAWAN

Abstract: We have demonstrated vertically aligned, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) based alcohol sensor with good selectivity and sensitivity up to 50 ppth (ppth=parts per thousand). Vertically aligned CNTs were synthesized onto silicon substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. The sensor was exposed to different alcohols and the impedance was measured using HIOKI LCR Hi tester – 3522-50 system. The results indicates that the sensor is capable of sensing different types of alcohols in various concentration ranges. It exhibits fast, reversible, selective response for different alcohol samples. We have tested the response of the sensor with alcohol concentrations from 50ppth to 100ppth. The impedance of bare sensor was 2.9896 MΏ which was changed to 12.7 MΏ for isopropanol, 33.8 MΏ for butanol, and 48.2 MΏ for ethanol. The sensor can easily reset to its original value by applying small amount of heat using micro-heater fabricated on a PCB board for this application. Based on o

Keywords: Sensor, Carbon nanotubes, Impedance Spectroscopy.

Pages: 511 - 513 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-05-109

117. EFFICIENT METHOD FOR CLOUD DATA STORAGE AND SECURITY BASED ON THIRD PARTY AUDITOR

Authors: CHADCHANKAR AMARNATH S.

Abstract: This cloud computing to realize being shifted into the next generation with. Application software and database are stored has changed. Now they cloud data centers in which safety is a concern from the point of view of the client are stored in the. Batteries that store and manage data without capital investment are used which are not well understood is the many security challenges paper cloud data integrity and security of data stored in the servers is focused on data integrity verification is a third party auditor that data integrity check from time to time on behalf of the client is authorized to use. Customer data from third party auditor of information gets lost when data integrity is not only data integrity verification, the proposed system also supports data mobility. The work that has been done in this online data mobility to public audit and sham Supporting. Audit for inserting and deleting data modifications functions, monitors the proposed system’s ability to audit both public

Keywords: Data Security, Cloud server, data dynamic, multiple clients, Third Party Auditor, Hash Tree, Data Blocks,CSS.

Pages: 514 - 518 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-110

118. FACIAL RECOGNITION BASED ON BACK PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE

Authors: MOHAMMAD KAISB AL-HASNAWI , TAREQ ALI AL-SAADI , ZAID ABASS FADAHL

Abstract: Face recognition has received considerable attention from researchers in the areas of biometrics, pattern recognition, and computer vision. Security measures in airports can apply face recognition for passport verification, establishment of a list of criminals in police departments, visa processing, electoral identification verification, and ATM card security measure. A computational model of face recognition based on the images of a person captured via surveillance cameras is proposed in this study. This model is simple, accurate, and fast in several constrained environments, such as a household or an office. Back propagation method automatically improves the capabilities of face recognition systems through experimentation, with problems and goals stated clearly. With regard to the research design, a general methodology is adopted to achieve the research objectives.

Keywords: face recognition, security, fingerprint, back propagation

Pages: 519 - 525 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-111

119. AN INVESTIGATION ON DATA DE-DUPLICATION METHODS AND IT’S RECENT ADVANCEMENTS

Authors: NEHA KAURAV

Abstract: Entire world is adapting digital technolo- gies, converting from legacy approach to Digital approach. Data is the primary thing which is available in digital form everywhere. To store this massive data, the storage methodology should be efficient as well as intelligent enough to find the redundant data to save. Data de-duplication techniques are widely used by storage servers to eliminate the possibilities of storing multiple copies of the data. De-duplication identifies duplicate data portions going to be stored in storage systems also removes duplication in existing stored data in storage systems. Hence yield a significant cost saving. In this paper, we, investigate about data de-duplication its techniques and changes introduced in de-duplication due to virtualized data centre and evolution of current cloud computing era.

Keywords: Data de-duplication; data s t o r a g e ; h a s h index; Inline and post process de-duplication.

Pages: 526 - 529 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-112

120. 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF FACE: A COMPARISON OF MARCHING CUBE AND IMPROVED MARCHING CUBE ALGORITHM

Authors: T. SENTHIL KUMAR , ANUPA VIJAI

Abstract: 3D reconstruction of face is one of the advancements in physical modeling techniques which uses engineering methods in the field of medicine.The systems in development propose a software tool that will help in craniofacial surgery. The existing approaches for 3D reconstruction has different applications from real scenary to human parts of body. The analysis of the different algorithms allow developers to make vital decisions in understanding the modelling of the face. The human face has different regions including the tissue and hard bones. The paper presents a comparison of two surface rendering techniques, Marching Cube(MC) and Improved Marching Cube(IMC) algorithms, and draws conclusions for analysing the suitable approach for a specific range of application

Keywords: MC, IMC, CT, DICOM, Voxel

Pages: 530 - 533 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-113

121. AR NAVIGATION PARADIGM (*NON-GPS PROTOTYPE FOR INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT)

Authors: L JOHNSON MEITEI , SHABIR AHMAD SOFI

Abstract: Augmented reality is a promising field to aid the real entities of world for better and ease for understanding the natural existing phenomenon. Though AR equipment’s still remains a concern due to their size and portability. To support this perception of digital information and to naturally interact with the pervasive computing landscape, the efforts for accomplishing AR in user interaction has been focused considerably in various economic and research organization .In this paper we try to implement the paradigm over a car front glasses to support AR visualization.

Keywords: Augmented reality, Navigation systems, Visualization par adigm, User interaction

Pages: 534 - 539 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-114

122. MOBILE VOTING PROTOTYPE TO PROMOTE THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL STUDENTS IN SELECTING THEIR REPRESENTATIVES : IRAQI UNIVERSITIES AS A CASE STUDY

Authors: BAN SALMAN SHUKUR

Abstract: The term “mobile voting” (M-Voting) refers to the use of mobile devices and tablets to cast votes in an election. M-Voting aims to increase participation in elections, lower the costs of running elections, and improve the accuracy of the results. Unlike any other event, voting is an essential component of modern communities. The number of students and departments in Iraqi universities has dramatically increased. Consequently, universities face great difficulty in the election of student representatives. This difficulty is mainly due to the use of traditional methods of election (box, paper, and pen). These traditional method shave several drawbacks, among which are inaccuracy in ballot counting and delayed announcement of election results. Meanwhile, students prefer online systems when participating in university events. Therefore, to overcome these drawbacks, this study proposed the design of the mobile voting application prototype for Iraqi Universities to reduce congestion and confu

Keywords: mobile device, mobile voting, Iraqi universities, information and communication technology, students

Pages: 540 - 544 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-115

123. TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION OF COOPERATIVE BLACK HOLE ATTACK IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS-SURVEY

Authors: ASHOK M. KANTHE , DINA SIMUNIC , GAYATRI WAHANE

Abstract: Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of communication devices or nodes that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and pre-determined organization of available links. Security is a major challenge for these networks owing to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies. The black hole attack is a well known security threat in MANET. However, it spuriously replies for any route request without having any active route to the specified destination. Sometimes the black hole nodes cooperate with each other with the aim of dropping packets. These are known as cooperative black hole attack. In this paper, we have reviewed different techniques for detection against Cooperative Black hole attacks in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks and thoroughly compare these schemes to find out their various advantages and disadvantages

Keywords: AODV, Black hole attack, MANET, routing protocols, Security

Pages: 545 - 548 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-125

124. THE RAPID SORT

Authors: HEISNAM ROHEN SINGH , MRIGANKA SARMAH

Abstract: Sorting is arranging a collection of elements either in ascending or descending order. There are various applications of sorting algorithm in every field of science. Already there exist different sorting algorithms with different complexities. In worst case, the best known complexity is O(n log n). In this, a sorting algorithm is developed and compared with the existing sorting algorithm. It is found the new algorithm is much better than the existing sorting algorithm like the Quick Sort, Merge sort etc. This algorithm is much better for closely related datasets. To sort the element in reverse order it can accomplished the sorting in O(n).

Keywords: HEISNAM ROHEN SINGH

Pages: 549 - 553 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-117

125. INTERNET SAFE BROWSING AWARENESS TO PREVENT CYBER ATTACKS

Authors: R.H.GOUDAR , RADHA ADHIKARI , VANIKA MAKHIJA

Abstract: Preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information in the cyberspace is Cyber Security. It is a complex issue that cuts across multiples domains calls for multidimensional, multilayered initiatives and responses. It is necessarily important to stop cyber crime and raise greater public awareness of the steps of every person. As our nation rapidly building in Cyber-Infrastructure, it is equally important that we educate our population to work properly with this infrastructure. This paper deals with the basic awareness for people who are browsing and some of the solutions to prevent cyber attack and also security to his credentials. Also it tells us the various tools and applications available, to protect individual and their information to ensure confidence in online experience.

Keywords: Keylogger Spyware, 2-step verification, Phishing, Virtual Keyboards, Social sites.

Pages: 553 - 563 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-118

126. NEED FOR STANDARDISATION OF SIGN LANGUAGE AND THE USE OF E-LEARNING TOOLS FOR DEAF EDUCATION

Authors: AYUSH KUMAR DUA , AYUSHI AGGARWAL , GUNJAN MALHOTRA , VIBHUTI SHARMA

Abstract: In this paper, we have tried to highlight the importance of sign languages with the need for a global sign language and the use of e-learning tools for deaf education. While spoken languages are accorded respect and recognized all over the world, there is a lot of stigma associated with sign languages. This stigma towards sign language in our country has become an impediment for the education of the deaf children as parents and schools tend to avoid teaching sign language to them and focus more on other methods such as oralism or lip reading. Even the schools which offer courses in Indian Sign Language face challenges such as regional variations of Indian Sign Language. This paper reckons that the non-standardization of one particular Sign Language in our country has exacerbated the state of education of the deaf. Another major problem associated with the hearing impaired community of our country which has been acknowledged in this paper is their isolation from the deaf community of th

Keywords: International Sign Language(ISL), Augmented Reality(AR),NPTEL(National programme on Technology Enhanced Learning)

Pages: 564 - 568 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-119

127. AUTOMATIC IMAGE ANNOTATION BASED ON DOMINANT COLOR AND GLCM USING FUZZY C MEANS CLUSTERING

Authors: BHUMIKA SHAH , DHATRI PANDYA

Abstract: With the detonative growth of the digital technologies in the web large amount of visual data are created and stored. The majority of image available on the web have little or no metadata associated with it describing the semantic concept associated with the images. There is a need of efficient and effective technique to find visual information on demand.One of the promising approach to enhance the image retrieval is automatic image annotation which refers to process of assigning relevant keywords to the image to bridge the semantic gap between low level content features of image such as color, texture and shape and semantic concepts understand by the humans such as keywords, description or image classification. The paper discusses implementation of the automatic image annotation using fuzzy c means clustering to annotate the image based on Dominant color and Gray level cooccurence matrix texture feature. The experiments are conducted on 50 beach images and 50 images of the corel datas

Keywords: image retreival; annotation; dominant color; fuzzy c means clustering; similarity measure

Pages: 569 - 574 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-120

128. DETECTION OF SKIN ULCER AT EARLY STAGES USING OTSU’S SEGMENTATION AND NAïVE BAYES CLASSIFIER

Authors: BHATT BHUMIKA , PATEL JIGNA J

Abstract: Skin Ulcers are likely to be caused by the increase in UV radiation which occurs as a result of ozone depletion with the culture of the sun. Major other causes of skin cancer are burns, scars, sores, radiation or certain chemicals like arsenic. Moreover, tattooing is considered as a fashion in the younger generations, unaware of the fact that it can cause a skin cancer. However, if detected early, all forms of skin cancers are curable. This relies heavily on classifying skin lesion at an early stage. Skin lesion classification involves data from patient concerning both, their individual features and wound origin to be collected. Skin ulcer images and medical diagnosis about its grade can be stored, thereby submitting these data to the data mining procedures in order to detect some relations between them.Detection of Stage I skin ulcers become more difficult by unaided visual inspection. Therefore, patients are more prone towards developing Stage –II and Stage –III skin ulcers. Research

Keywords: Naïve Bayes classifier; Otsu’s thresholding; segmentation; texture;

Pages: 575 - 579 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-121

129. DISTRIBUTED PRIVACY PRESERVING DATA MINING: A FRAMEWORK FOR K-ANONYMITY BASED ON FEATURE SET PARTITIONING APPROACH OF VERTICALLY FRAGMENTED DATABASES

Authors: JALPA PATEL , KEYUR RANA

Abstract: Recently, many data mining algorithms for discovering and exploiting patterns in data are developed and the amount of data about individuals that is collected and stored continues to rapidly increase. However, databases containing information about individuals may be sensitive and data mining algorithms run on such data sets may violate individual privacy. Also most organizations collect and share information for their specific needs very frequently. In such cases it is important for each organization to make sure that the privacy of the individual is not violated or sensitive information is not revealed. In this paper we have proposed a novel method to provide privacy to the data when the data is vertically partitioned and distributed over sites. In this work we presented trusted third party framework along with an application that generates k-anonymous dataset from two vertically partitioned sources without disclosing data from one site to other. K- anonymity constraint is satisfied

Keywords: Distributed data mining; Privacy preserving; kanonymity; Genetic algorithm

Pages: 580 - 584 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-122

130. A NOVEL APPROACH USING IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

Authors: PRABHPREET KAUR

Abstract: A robust wavelet domain method for noise filtering in medical images is one of the techniques used to reduce the noise. The method adapts various types of image noise as well as to the preference of the medical expert: a single parameter is being used to balance the preservation of (expert-dependent) relevant details against the degree of noise reduction. A versatile wavelet domain despeckling technique to visually enhance the medical ultrasound (US) images for improving the clinical diagnosis is used. The method uses the two-sided generalized Nakagami distribution (GND) for modeling the speckle wavelet coefficients and the signal wavelet coefficients are approximated using the generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) [1]. Combining these statistical priors with the Bayesian maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, the thresholding/shrinkage estimators are derived for processing the wavelet coefficients of detail subbands. Consequently, two blind speckle suppressors named as GNDThresh and

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Image Enhancement, Speckle Noise.

Pages: 585 - 590 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-123

131. SYNOPSIS OF CLOUD BROKER MODELS

Authors: BHARTI SURI , DEEPIKA RAWAT

Abstract: The advent of Cloud computing & the rapid adoption of Cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) by the consumer to fulfil their business requirements has flourished the market with various Cloud Service Providers (CSP). Cloud service providers are developing the desired environment and tools to serve the consumer’s needs. The consumers are facing the problem of selecting the appropriate Cloud service provider which can fulfil their need. This scenario which requires fast and controlled mechanism of managing resources, cost, capacity etc gives rise to the Cloud brokering system. The Cloud broker offers the opportunity to the consumer to get the best service as per service level agreement. In this paper, we are providing an overview of few Cloud brokerage models and there techniques used to select the best CSP from the pool of CSPs

Keywords: Brokerage, Broker Model, Broker Service, Cloud, Cloud Computing .

Pages: 591 - 595 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-124

132. WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED EFFECTIVE ENERGY UTILISATION APPROACHES OF DATA TRANSFER IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY

Authors: SHABIR AHMAD SOFI , JYOTI SAXENA , UMAR FAROOQ

Abstract: In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) featured an exponential growth, which has revolutionised the field of telecommunication. A wireless sensor network consists of a group of tiny battery powered sensor nodes capable of reading, processing and reporting the data to the Base station (sink).One of the major issues faced by sensor nodes is the energy constraint due to the limited energy sources in the form of tiny batteries. Therefore energy efficient data transfer presents the major challenge in a WSN. In this paper we investigate various Wavelet Transform based Effective Energy Utilisation approaches of data transfer in WSNs. These approaches can be used significantly to minimise the energy necessary for the efficient data communication in WSNs while meeting the constraints of data quality and bandwidth of wireless sensor networks

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT); PSNR; Discrete Cosine Transform; Image Compression; Skipped High-pass Sub-band (SHPS)

Pages: 596 - 601 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-126

133. TEXT AREA IDENTIFICATION FOR RECOGNIZING DESTINATION PLACES FROM VEHICLES

Authors: K. S. SELVANAYAKI

Abstract: Nowadays, automatic detection of text from the vehicles is an important problem in many applications. Text information present in an image can be easily understood by both human and computer. It has wide applications such as license plate reading, sign detection, identification of destination places, mobile text recognition and so on. This problem is challenging due to complex backgrounds, the non-uniform illuminations, variations of text font, size and line orientation. Once the text is identified, it can be analyzed, recognized and interpreted. Hence, there is a need for a better algorithm for detection and localization of text from vehicles. A method is proposed for detecting text from vehicles. The method makes use of features such as Histogram of oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). These features are stored which can be further used for feature matching at the time of classification. After the text region is being detected, it can be further subjected to chara

Keywords: HOG, LBP, Profile based features, Skew detection and removal, Eigen value regularization

Pages: 602 - 610 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-01-127

134. DD CALCULATOR AN IMPORTANT NEED AND INVENTION FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Authors: AWADH

Abstract: The addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, these four operations are the baseof mathematics. The term division is also distributed in four sub constitutes as dividend, divisor, quotient and remainder. The decimal is an important hero under term division, where the symbol equal to , is a common object for every operation. On deep studied it is found that if we have used the term division according to awadh remainder theorywe can read and represent such operation in excellent mode and we can find out the accurate position of any object. The symbol of remainder is also nominated as double dot/double decimal (DD). It have been published in the International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research (IJSER),edition June 2013, under entitled Invention of Sequence Management, page 279 to 286 . On the basis of this theory for fast calculation, a laptop/computersoftware based special calculator (DD Calculator) have been developed to solve the problems based on sequence managem

Keywords: accurate position, n- dimension,(.. ),DD calculator,quotient, remainder

Pages: 611 - 615 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-128

135. DESIGN OF FIR FILTER USING KAISER WINDOW

Authors: TANVEET KAUR

Abstract: The Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is a digital filter widely used in Digital Signal Processing applications in various fields like imaging, instrumentation, communications, etc. Programmable digital processors signal (PDSPs) can be used in implementing the FIR filter. However, in realizing a large-order filter many complex computations are needed which affects the performance of the common digital signal processors in terms of speed, cost, flexibility, etc. By using Kaiser window attempt is made to reduce the sidelobe level & control by modifying nth order Bessel function I0(x)& controlling the shape factor by adjustable parameter α. Few dB sidelobe level response is also reduced. In this paper the design of digital FIR filter has been discussed.

Keywords: FIR filter, digital filters, FPGA, Kaiser Window, passband, stopband

Pages: 616 - 621 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-129

136. ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM) SCHEME FOR MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL

Authors: VISHAL SHARMA , ANAND PRAKASH , NIKHIL ARORA , RAVISH KUMAR

Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a transmission technique which ensures efficient utilization of the spectrum by allowing overlap of carriers. OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing that is used in the transmission of information and data. Compared with the other wireless transmission techniques like Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), OFDM has numerous advantages like high spectral density, its robustness to channel fading, its ability to overcome several radio impairment factors such as effect of AWGN, impulse noise, multipath fading, etc. Due to this it finds wide application in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), and Wireless LAN.

Keywords: Multicarrier modulation, FFT, IFFT, Frequency selective fading, Cyclic prefix, OFDM.

Pages: 622 - 626 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-131

137. A STUDY OF MOTOR - GENERATOR TOPOLOGIES FOR PUMPED STORAGE APPLICATIONS

Authors: A.SURYA TEJA , B.VISHAL , L.NARAYANA REDDY , S.R.MOHANRAJAN , S.VAMSI KRISHNA

Abstract: Pumped hydro is one of more economic and reliable storage mechanisms for plants with higher capacities. To make the pumped storage system more effective, the best machine suited for this purpose must be used. Present paper deals with the comparison of various possible machines in pumped hydro systems. Synchronous machines, fixed and variable speed induction machines and doubly-fed induction machines were compared for pump and turbine applications. The possible configuration and basic characteristics of each machine are described for pumped hydro application.

Keywords: Doubly Fed Induction Machine, Fixed speed systems, Pumped hydro storage, Variable speed systems.

Pages: 627 - 635 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-132

138. INTRODUCTION TO CONDUCTING POLYMERS IN DESIGNING MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5.8 GHZ WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

Authors: HARDESH KUMAR SINGH , ANJALI GUPTA , DEERGHA AGARWAL , ESHA JOHARI

Abstract: The paper highlights the possibility of using Polypyrrole (PPy) for planar microstrip patch antenna (MPA).The MPA has been designed using a conducting polymer PPy and PlexiglasTM laminate with a thickness of 1.8mm. The bulk conductivity of polypyrrole is 1200 and thickness is taken as 90mm.An analogous structure is designed using copper patch validating the design and comparing the performance. The antenna was designed for operations at 5.8 GHz. The PPy structure shows a gain of 4.6dB in contrast to 4.8dB gain of Cu structure. A comparative analysis is done between performance characteristics of Cu and PPy material fabricated on Plexiglas substrate results with good performance of PPy material. The result obtained confirms the advantage of using polymer materials in microwave applications as compare to the copper generally used.

Keywords: Polypyrrole, Plexiglas, microstrip patch antenna (MPA), Conducting polymers

Pages: 636 - 640 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-133

139. CLONING OF IL2 IN PTZ19R AND ITS SITE DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS USING KUNKEL’S METHOD

Authors: HARIPRIYA. .N , M. SIVANANDHAM

Abstract: Abstract- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine that exerts immunoregulatory effects on a variety of cells such as T cells, activated B cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Its biological effects are mediated through specific interactions with cell surface receptors present on target cells. Due to its role in generating normal immune responses, IL 2 is used in the treatment of a variety of tumors and infectious diseases. The downside of IL 2 is that the molecule is rather unstable. The aim of the current research is to generate IL-2 mutant with improved potency.This objective is accomplished by the use of cloning and Site directed Mutagenesis (SDM). For this purpose,first, wild type IL-2 mRNA was isolated from cultured T lymphocytes. This was converted into cDNA with the help of Reverse Transcription-PCR. Future work includes amplification of cDNA fragments and cloning into a phagemid vector pTZ19R. Transformation will be carried out in E.coli RZ1032 and the ssDNA obtained as the end re

Keywords: lymphokine, Reverse Transcription PCR, phagemid vector,Transformation

Pages: 641 - 648 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-04-134

140. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF EN 353 ON EDM WITH HOLLOW TOOL

Authors: ANISH KUMAR , TEEPU SULTAN

Abstract: Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the earliest non-traditional machining, extensively used in industry for processing of parts having unusual profiles with reasonable precision. In the present work, an attempt has been made to model Surface Roughness (SR) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in a die sinking EDM process. The optimization was performed in two steps using one factor at a time for preliminary evaluation and a Box-Benken design (BBD) involving three variables (Pulse on-Time, Pulse off-Time and Pulse Current) with three levels for determination of the critical experimental conditions. A copper electrode having tubular cross section was employed to machine holes of 8 mm height and 12 mm diameter on EN 353 Steel alloy workpiece. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the proposed mathematical models obtained can adequately describe the performances within the limits of factors being studied. The experimental results reveal that interacti

Keywords: EDM, hollow tool, response surface methodology, surface roughness, SEM

Pages: 649 - 653 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-135

141. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AODV, DSR AND DSDV PROTOCOL USING VISUAL GRAPHICAL SIMULATION

Authors: SONI GUPTA

Abstract: In this paper I have done Graphical analysis of Manet Protocol by using different different parameter. I have done comparative analysis in three main manet protocols these are AODV, DSR, DSDV Protocol. I have taken Throughput, good put and routing parameter. I have compared all parameter in these protocol and conclude the result which is best protocol according to different – different parameters.

Keywords: AODV, DSR, DSDV, Throughput, Good put, Visual Simulator Tool - ViSim 1.0

Pages: 654 - 657 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-136

142. LAMINAR MIXED CONVECTION FROM A SEMI-CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN AN AIDING BUOYANCY CONFIGURATION: A VALIDATION STUDY

Authors: MANU K. SUKESAN , AMIT KUMAR DHIMAN

Abstract: The laminar Newtonian flow and heat transfer phenomena across a semi-circular cylinder have been investigated in the steady regime under aiding buoyancy. A through validation study has been carried out for Reynolds number (Re) =1 - 30 and Richardson number (Ri)=0 - 2 for a Prandtl number of unity. The numerical calculations are completed by using Ansys solver. The total drag coefficient shows a maximum percentage difference of about only 0.4% with literature. However, the corresponding maximum percentage difference in the values of average Nusselt numbers is found about 2.5%. Moreover, the maximum enhancement in the heat transfer is found approximately 28% with forced convection (Ri=0).

Keywords: Semi-circular cylinder, Reynolds number, Richardson number, Prandtl number, Nusselt number and Total drag coefficient

Pages: 658 - 663 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-137

143. MINI CLIMBING CRANE – AN APPROPRIATE INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR MATERIAL HANDLING AT CONSTRUCTION SITES

Authors: BHAGWAN DASS

Abstract: For construction of multistoried buildings, choice of material handling equipment becomes critical for reasons of both economy and safety. To bridge the existing technological gap between age-old traditional methods of material handling and modern sophisticated cranes, the Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) Roorkee has developed Mini Climbing Crane with a lifting capacity of 1000 kg-m. The crane has registered considerable saving in construction time besides a large saving in labour. This machine has been awarded the best technology NRDC Award.

Keywords: Mini Climbing Crane, chain pulley blocks, hoisting, diversified application, sophisticated cranes and primitive methods of material handling

Pages: 664 - 668 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-138

144. PARAMETRIC STUDIES FOR MRR AND TWR USING DIE SINKING EDM WITH ELECTRODE OF COPPER AND BRASS

Authors: ASHIWANI KUMAR , PRAVEEN KUMAR , ANSHIKA GUPTA , LALTA PRASAD

Abstract: The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the latest non-traditional machining processes, based on thermoelectric energy between the workpiece and an electrode. In this machining process, the material is removed electrothermally by a series of successive discrete discharges between two electrically conductive materials (electrode and workpiece). The performance of the machining process depends on the material, design and manufacturing method of the electrodes. Usually, the machine manufacturer uses the standard workpiece and electrode materials to establish the EDM parameter settings. The present study focused on the effect of Copper and Brass electrodes on material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) for AISI D2 tool steel by using Die- Sinker EDM. The current was varied from 4 to 10 amp, the voltage and flushing pressure were constant, the MRR for copper electrode was in the range of 4.8139 -22.6580 mm3/min whereas the range of MRR for brass electrode was 7.2213-9.82

Keywords: AISI D2 material, Die -Sinker EDM, MRR, TWR.

Pages: 678 - 682 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-03-145

145. SIMULATION AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR HIGH POWER INVERTERS USING FPGA CONTROLLER

Authors: D.M.CHOUDHARY , HARSHIL SHAH , SWAPNIL.N.JANI

Abstract: These topic illuminates to develop the protection system for high power inverters using FPGA(field programmable gate array) software. The current system consist of thyristor for the high power inverters and according to the simulation results hardware implementation is done with FPGA controller board. For the reference values for FPGA code generation, one power circuit can be developed with ZCD circuit, according to the result of the power circuit FPGA controller will work in such a way that if any fault occurs in the system then the system will be protected. FPGA board can be interface with the hardware and in software of FPGA program can be developed for the feedback of the protection system. However the system which can be developed in hardware or power circuit can be modify also with other power ratings and according to that FPGA controller will work and the system for the protection of the high power inverters can be easily implemented

Keywords: FPGA, code, generation, one power circuit, ZCD circuit, PGA controller

Pages: 683 - 687 | DOI: 10.15224/978-1-63248-028-6-02-103